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DNA repair (types (mismatch repair (prokaryotes correct this: they use MUT…

- - - - AP lyase: removes the sugar by cutting the 3' phosphodiester bond
      - DNA polymerase: fills the single nucleotide gap
      - AP endonuclease: recognizes the AP (apurine/apyrimidine) site and cuts the 5' phosphodiester bond at the AP site
      - DNA ligase: bonds the new nucleotide to the strand
      - glycosylase: cuts N-glycosidic bond between the sugar and the nitrogen base
  - - - Excision nucleases make incisions 5' and 3' to the lesion
      - Helicase releases the damaged oligomer
      - lesions are recognized by XP proteins in humans (Uvr in E. coli)
      - DNA polymerase fills the gaps
      - DNA ligase: seals nick
  - - - MutH: binds to GATC site
      - MutL: links the two
      - MutS: binds to the mismatched nucleotide