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unit 8 (AT THE SIGHT OF THIS (LG 65) (Short/Choppy repetition of ideas…

- - - - Distinctive culture and heritage shared by people who live in a common territory
  - - - Morning Mood- atmospheric depiction of sunrise
      - In the Hall of the Mountain King- grotesque ballet music as troll daughters chase Peer
  - - - Captured original music
      - Composers tried to retain that idea is new music
      - Phonographs were taken to villages to preserve songs as they were meant
        to be performed
      - Bartok & Kodaly collected over 2,000 Eastern European songs & dances
  - - - Absolute music
      - Balance
      - Formality
  - - - Opening tune evokes Hungarian folk song in pentatonic (A)
      - Followed by a broad string theme (B)
      - Rondo-like form
      - Mood disrupted by clarinet melody borrowed from Shostakovich’s Symphony No. 7
- - - - Middle- (1803-1814) Symphony 3-8
        
        Symphony 3- “Eroica”- Begins revolution of changing symphonic sound
        
        Originally dedicated to Napoleon
        
        Personal narrative of individual heroism
      - Late- (1814-1827)
        
        Symphony 9- adds choir (chorale) with final “Ode to Joy”
      - Early- (until 1802) Symphony 1 & 2
        
        In style of Mozart & Haydn
  - - - Napoleon (at first)
      - Great Britain democratic parliament system (Wellington’s Victory)
      - Beethoven a supporter of democracy
  - - - Form- Sonata Allegro
    - - Sfz- Sforzando
      - Winds becoming more prominent
      - Musical joke- beginning
      - Changing Tempo within the form
  - - - Form- Scherzo with a Trio- 1st time Trio appears in a Symphony
      - Length- twice as long as Mozart & Haydn and scrutinized for in reviews
      - Context- Napoleon
      - Harmony & Emotion- 2nd movement is a funeral march
  - - - Motive- short- short- short- LONG
        
        Dominates whole piece
        
        Fate knocking at the your door (Beethoven’s description)
    - - Serene theme and variations
      - Still uses the motive
    - - Scherzo with no stop going into the 4th movement
    - - Much energy & passion
      - Cyclical motive
- - - - Schoenberg teacher
      - Alban Berg & Anton Webern Students
      - 1stViennese School- Mozart, Haydn, and Beethoven
  - - - Transposition: same order of intervals; starts different
        pitch
      - Inversion: Notes move in opposite direction (up
        instead of down)- upside down
      - Retrograde: Reverse order or backwards
      - Retrograde inversion: Upside down & backward
  - - - Modern- 12 tone technique & Romantic- German
        romantic expressionism
      - Characters
        
        Son of Wozzeck & Marie
        
        Captain
        
        ¡ Marie- common-law wife of Wozzeck
        
        Doctor
        
        Wozzeck- soldier
        
        Drum Major
      - Sprechstimme: speak singing
      - Originally a play by Buchner- expressionist play on reallife
        events; Berg wrote libretto
      - Leitmotifs- melody that repeats is symbolic
      - Opera in 3 acts; 5 scenes; orchestral interludes
      - Story:
        
        Wozzeck unhappy in love affiar with Marie
        
        Marie cheats on him and Wozzeck cuts her throat.
        
        Wozzeck did this for $
        
        Wozzeck goes insane and returns to her death scene and
        drowns himself. (LG 46)
        
        Wozzeck a soldier, but is a victim of evil Captain &
        Doctor- they performed experiments on him.
        
        Ending is the child of the 2 notified of his mother’s death.
      - 1922
- - - - Minimalist
      - Neo-Romantic- accessible & deeply expressive
    - - Libretto
        
        Peter Sellars
        
        Based on memoirs, government documents, poetry, & Hindu scripture
      - Focuses on the last days and hours before the first atomic test in 1945
        
        Hopes and fears, awe and trepidation
      - Opera (3rd one)
      - Hugely complex subject, combining science and art & criticized at the time
      - 2005