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Unit IV (Mod 16 (sensation- the process by which our sensory receptors…
Unit IV
Mod 16
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perception- the process of organizing sensory information enabling us to recognize meaningful things
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top-down processing- information processing guided by higher-level mental processes as when we construct perceptions drawing on pour experiences
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psychophysics- the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity.
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signal detection theory- a theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus
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priming- the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory, or response
difference threshold- the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time
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Mod 20
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Frequency
the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time (for example, per second)
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Middle Ear
The chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window
Cochlea
A coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear; sound waves traveling through the cochlear fluid trigger nerve impulses
Inner Ear
The innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs
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Cochlear Implant
A device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea
Place Theory
In hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated
Frequency Theory
In hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch
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Mod 19
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parallel processing: color, motion form
Mod 18
parts of the eye
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rods and cones: rods allow us to see color, cones allow us to see black and white
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Mod 21
The Other Senses
Touch
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Vestibular sense
The sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance
Pain
Gate-Control Theory
Spinal cord acts as neurological gate; treat chronic pain by stimulating gate-closing activity in neural fibers
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Other senses (etc.): Loss of hearing - tinnitus; Loss of vision - phantom sights; nerve damage - taste phantoms/ smell phantoms
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Sensory Interaction
Nociceptors
Sensory receptors that detect hurtful temperatures, pressure, or chemicals
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The principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences taste
Four Basics:
Pressure, Warmth, Cold and Pain
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Embodied cognition
In psychological science, the influence of bodily sensations, gestures, and other states on cognitive preferences and judgements
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