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Psychology: Unit 4 (Module 17 (Perceptual set: A mental predisposition to…
Psychology: Unit 4
Module 17
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ESP: The controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input, includes telepathy
Parapsychology: The study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis.
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Retina: Light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin processing of visual info.
Accomodation: Process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina.
Rods: Retinal receptors that detect black, white, and grey. Needed for peripheral when cones don't respond.
Cones: Function in daylight or well lit conditions.
The cones detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations.
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Foeva: Central focal point in retina, around which eye's cones cluster.
Feature detectors: Nerve cells in brain which respond to specific features of the stimulus , such as, shape, angle, or movement.
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Module 21
Gate control theory: The theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain. The "gate" is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is closed by activity in larger fibers or be information coming from the brain
Nociceptors: Sensory receptors that detect hurtful temperatures, pressure, or chemicals
Phantom limb sensation: Misinterpreting the spontaneous central nervous system activity that occurs in the absence of normal sensory input
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Vestibular sense: The sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance
Sensory interaction: The principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences taste
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Module 20: Hearing
20.1 Hearing
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Middle Ear: the chamber between the eardrum and the cochlea containing three tiny bones (hammers, anvil and stirrup) that concentrate to vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window
Cochlea: a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear; sound waves travelling through the cochlear fluid trigger nerve impulses
Inner Ear: the inner most part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals and vestibular sacs
Sensorineural Hearing Loss: hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness
Conduction Hearing Loss: hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea
Cochlear Implant: a device for converting sounds into electrical signals, stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea
20.2 Perceiving Pitch
Place Theory: in hearing, the theory that links pitch we hear with the place where the cochlear membrane is stimulated
Frequency Theory: in hearing, the theory that the rate of the nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense pitch