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Art History Week 13: New Objectivity, Dadaism and Surrealism (The New…
Art History Week 13: New Objectivity, Dadaism and Surrealism
Dadaism
Was born during World War I, an art movement a first of it's kind born out of artists questioning the morals and the slaughter of the masses at the time.
Approached art with denying the sentiment that it was precious. Created art as absurd, irrational and and strange
Hugo Ball (1886-1927
Karawane 1917 
Hugo Balls performance piece/poem said to be the beginning of Dadaism was performed at The Voltaire, a bohemian cafe opened by Hugo and his partner Emmy Hennings.
His costume was made of blue cardboard which encased his limbs while wearing a blue and white witchhat, he performed the poem of nonsensical noises recreating babytalk
Berlin Dada
Hugo Ball and romanian poet Tristan Tzara organized the Galeria Dada in Zurich which helped to cultivate the art movement
Produced and unusual amount of photorealistic work such as photo montages, and collage.
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The New Objectivity
The art movement growing out of the November Group, when German politics began to grow more towards the right
George Grosz(1893-1959)
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Was involved with many political publications such as Die Pliete (Bankruptcy) and was noted for his many illustrations within them.
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Otto Dix (1891-1969)
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His anti-war and military rhetoric was strong as he was coming from the angle of a veteran. His combat experience gave him an honest and true depiction of the destruction and violence war brings to individual human beings.
Was also known as a prolific printmaker, with over 50 prints in his portfolio depicting combat scenarios
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Max Beckmann (1884-1950
One of the principal artists of the "New Objectivity", was a well known Academian. His service in World War I left a "Great injury to his soul", turned his art inward whereas he created a prolific collcetion of self portraits through his time as an artist. Forming together many styles such as gothic, german expressionism and cubism.
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Surrealism
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Born from the mind of Andre Breton (1896-1966), whom was a trained medic and psychiatrist served shell shocked soldiers during World War I.
Published the "Manifesto of Surrealism" where he discussed that society was still living under the rule of logic.
Automatism A technique employed by Surrealists to release the subconscious to create the work of art without the constraints of rational intervention
FrottageA technique used by the surrealists invented by Max Ernst (1891-1976) that was an automist technique of allowing oneself to create images seen from a creation that was made by placing a crayon or pencil over a surface that was textured. Allowing oneself to create further drawings created from the texture created.
Also inspired
Grattage
Used the same effect but instead with paints.
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