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Factors Controlling Biological Phenomena:
Enzymes
Catalysts (Enzymes,…
Factors Controlling Biological Phenomena:
- Enzymes
- Catalysts
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React with between one and 10,000 molecules per second
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enzymes are chiral
A chiral molecule/ion is non-superimposable on its mirror image. The presence of an asymmetric carbon center is one of several structural features that induce chirality in organic and inorganic molecules.
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Enzymes are pH Dependent
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anything that neutralises that charge will destroy the salt bridge and make enzymes folded structure less stable
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Enzymes as Catalysts
functional groups located in the enzymes active site assist in bond breaking (energy needing) parts, with the bond making (energy releasing) parts of the mechanism
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the placement of the prosthetic groups is a result of enzyme's chain folding (secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure)
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Lock & Key Theory
enzymes catalyse reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to take place
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enzyme and substrate slot fit together perfectly to form a complex, like a lock and a key fit together
In the complex: the substrate reacts at a lower activation energy
(this is due to bonds within being stressed and deformed - making them more likely to react)
After the reaction has been catalysed;
- Products are no longer the right shape to stay in the active site
- The complex breaks up releasing the products and freeing the enzyme for more catalytic action
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Induced-Fit Theory
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Proteins are all flexible molecules, whose overall structure is maintained by weak intermolecular interactions
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