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Unit 8 (Chapters 42/ 61 Rise of Nationalism (Peer Gynt ( LG 33) (1876,…
Unit 8
Chapters 42/ 61 Rise of Nationalism
Musical Nationalism
Builds community Cohesion
Sense of community tied to concept of nationality
Composers expressed nationalism by
Basing music on the song and dances of their people
Works based on Folklore or peasant life
Celebrating national heroes, events , scenic beuty
Political expression sometimes banned
Edvard Grieg/ Scandinavian Nationalism
Norway
Attended Leipzig Conservatory
Wanted to create art accessible to all of public
Notable for Lyricism/ use of folk music / dance
Peer Gynt ( LG 33)
1876
Play by Henrik Ibsen
Based on moralistic Norwegian Folk Tale
Grieg composed 22 pieces for the play
Later made it into two four movement suits
Modernist Nationalism
Integration of traditional & folk music into experimental art music
Split from 19th Century music
Musicologists
Phonographs
Captured original music
Bartok & Kodaly collected Eastern European songs & dances
20th Century Neo- Classicism
Reject traditions and return to 18th century music idealism
Revival of older forms
Fugue and suite
Key ideas: Absolute Music , Balance , Formality
Bela Bartok
Hungary moved to NY
Musicologist
Toured remote villages collecting native songs
Features of Eastern European traditional music while adhering
to Classical form
Ancient modes
Unfamiliar scales
Non- Symmetrical rhythm
Concerto for Orchestra ( LG 54)
1943
Orchestral Concerto
Movement IV, Interrupted Intermezzo
Rondo- Like form
Opening tune evokes Hungarian folk song in pentatonic
Followed by broad string theme
Disrupted by clarinet melody
Opening themes return
Irregular meters
Chapter 69 Historical Reality or Not
Contemporary Opera
History Represented in opera
Not a documentary
Deeper truths within stories
John Adams
Harvard
Advocated for comtemporary music in SF
Style Minimist
Neo- Romantic
Deeply expressive
Stage works controversial
Doctor Atomic
Doctor Atomic- Adams (LG 65)
2005
Libretto
Peter Sellers
Focuses on the last days and hours before the first atomic test in 1945
Hopes and fears, awe and trepidation
Combining Art/ Science made it complex and controversial
At the Sight of This (LG 65)
Bhagavad Gita
Hindu Scripture
Setting- New mexico
Short choppy repetition of ideas
Syncopation/ accents
Dissonant
Electronic sounds
Feautred Bass and timpani
Chapter 33
Symphonic revolution
Beethoven
Wrote 9 symphonies
3 periods of music
Music transitioned from classical to Romantic era
Ode to joy , Eroica ,
Beethoven and politics
Supporter of democracy
Ode to joy finale used for political aims
Part of collective effort for common goal
Symphony 1- Before the revolution
Form- Sonata Allegro
Explores
Sfz- Sforzando
Changing Tempo within the form
Winds becoming more prominent
Symphony 3- Uprising Begins
Classic tradition
Form: Scherzo with a trio
Length: twice as long as Mozart/ Haydn
Context- Napoleon
Harmony/ Emotion: 2nd movement is a funeral march
Symphony 5 out of conflict comes victory
Four movements
UNIFED piece
Movement 1 - Conflict
Motive- short- short- short- long
Dominates piece
Movement 4 - victory
Energy
Passion
Cyclical Motive
Movement 2- Serene them and variations
Still uses motive
Movement 3 -Scherzo with no stop
Symphony 9- With victory comes freedom and new ideas
Ode to Joy
His greatest work & one greatest works in classical music world
poem by Schiller
Romantic era
Larger production
Chapter 55- War is hell , Expressionist Opera
Social advocacy/ Musical innovation
1900s
Replacement of Tonality
2nd Viennese school
Alban Berg & Anton Webern Student
12 tone method
System to replace tonality
Schoenburg
Serialism - Composing with 12 chromatic pitches
Tone Row- Arrangement of pitches
Alternate forms of tone row
Transposition, Inversion, Retrograde,Retrograde Inversion
Alban Berg
Born in Vienna
Studied with Shoenburg
Wozzeck- ignited fame
Opera - 3 acts
Sprechstimme: speak singing
Leitmotifs- melody that repeats is symbolic
Modern- 12 tone technique & Romantic- German
romantic expressionism
Act III scene 4 is (LG 46)
Teacher/ Promoter of Shoenburg school