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B7: NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES (Cancer (Treating Cancer (Cancer and be…
B7: NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
Non-Communicable Diseases
A non communicable disease cannot be passed from one person to another
Risk factors are aspects of a person's lifestyle, or substances present in a person's body or environment, that have been shown to be linked to an increased rate of a disease
For some non-communicable diseases, a casual mechanism for some risk factors has been proven, but not in others
A causal mechanism explains how one risk factor influences another through biological process eg. smoking tobacco is a causal mechanism for lung cancer
Cancer
Tumors (both malignant and benign), result from abnormal, uncontrolled cell division
Benign tumors form in one place and do not spread to other tissues
Malignant tumor cells are cancers. They invade neighbouring tissues and may spread to different parts of the body through the blood where they form secondary tumors
Lifestyle risk factors for various types of cancer include smoking, obesity, common viruses and UV exposure. There are also genetic risk factors for some cancers
Treating Cancer
Cancer and be treated through radiotherapy, when the cancer cells are destroyed by targeted doses of radiation, which stops mitosis in cancer cells, but can also damage healthy cells
Cancer can be treated by chemotherapy, when chemicals are used to either stop the cancer cells dividing or to make the self-destruct
Smoking and The Risk of Disease
Smoking can cause cardiovascular diseases (eg. coronary heart disease) and lung diseases (eg. lung cancer, bronchitis and COPD)
A fetus exposed to smoke has restricted oxygen, which can lead to premature birth, low birthweight and even stillbirth
Diet, Exercise and Disease
Diet affects your risk of developing cardiovascular and other diseases directly through cholesterol levels and indirectly through obesity
Exercise levels affect the likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease
Obesity is a strong risk factor for type 2 diabetes
Alcohol and Other Carcinogens
Alcohol can damage the liver and cause cirrhosis and liver cancer
Alcohol can cause brain damage and death
Alcohol taken n by a pregnant woman can affect the development of her unborn baby and may cause fetal alcohol syndrome
UV rays increase the risk of skin cancers such as melanoma
Radioactive materials found in the soil, water and air, along with medical x-rays cause cell mutations