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Biological Molecules (Proteins (Structures (Secondary, Tertiary, Primary,…
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Carbohydrates
Glycogen
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Polysaccharide of alpha glucose. Lots of branches allowing for quick release of stored glucose. A very compact molecule.
Cellulose
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Long unbranched, straight chains of beta glucose. Chains are held together by hydrogen bonds forming strong fibres called microfibrils. Strong fibres provide structural support for cells.
Starch
Amylose
Long, unbranched chain of alpha glucose. Helical coil makes it compact, a lot of energy in a small space.
Amylopectin
Long, branched chain of alpha glucose. Branches allow enzymes to break down molecules quickly and easily.
Starch is the main energy storage material in plants. Starch is insoluble tin water so doesn't cause water to enter cells through osmosis- this makes it good for storage. Its easily broken down and remade- making it good for fast energy release.
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Water
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Structure
Polarity of water
A water molecule has a partial negative charge on one side due to the oxygen atom, and a partial positive charge on the other side due to the hydrogen atoms. Making it a polar molecule.
Hydrogen Bonds
The slightly negatively charge oxygen atoms attract the slightly positively charged hydrogen molecules.
Functions
Water transports substances, eg, glucose and oxygen around plants and animals.
Helps with temperature control because it has a high specific heat capacity and a high latent heat of evaporation.
A solvent, eg, in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Water as a habitat, the fact that it helps with temperature control, is a solvent and becomes less dense when I freezes means many organisms can survive and reproduce in it.
Reactant , eg, during hydrolysis reactions
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