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UNIT 1; INTRODUCTION OF COGNITIVE SCIENCE (Cognitive processes (problem…
UNIT 1; INTRODUCTION OF COGNITIVE SCIENCE
Science
knowledge
produce useful models of reality
body of language
Cognition
acquire knowledge through the exercise f mental powers
all processes by which sensory input
transformed
reduced'
elaborated
stored
recovered
used
process of acquiring, processing and applying knowledge
Cognitive processes
problem solving
learning
language
reasoning
perception
imagery
memory
Cognitive Capabilities
obtain
store
utilize
cognitive Science
scientific interdisciplinary study of mind
intelligence
Artificial approach
building devices that attempt to mimic complex thought processes.
computer scientists
motor activities
problem solving
language learning
Philosophical approach
the oldest of all disciplines in CS
address the issues
nature of knowing
mind-body distinction
mind-brain distinction
Anthropological Approach
Study of relation between human culture and human thoughts
need to view the operations of mind in particular physical and social environments
Learning Sciences Approach
Application of findings in CS in education (training)
how people make decision
resolving conflict
attitude and motovation
creativity and innovation
people thinking and actions
Developmental History
The beginnings:province of Philosophy
Greek Philosophers
Other Philosophers
Timeline
Development Experimental Psychology
Introspection
Behavourism
Timeline
Classical Conditioning
Stimulus...Response=Learning
Operant conditioning
modified as a results (reward and punishment)
Emergence CS
Capacity of human thinking limited
Growth of Artificial intelligence
development in linguistics
Study of Human cognition
Early Approach
Accounting for differences
Franz Joseph Gall-Questioning
observed and claimed connection between to memorize
functioning of human brain
Paul Broca
initially believed that intelligence can be assessed by size of skull
the language function was compromised through injury/stroke
left frontal lobe contribute to patients language loss
speak with the left hemisphere.
Brain effects
Insights on perception-initial beliefs
insights on illusions
Insights of Attention
insights on mental representations and psychology of language
Insights of human memory
Insights of children intelligence
Psychometrics for the workplace
Measuring differences in human intelligence
Sensory Discrimination-set out to measure diversity of mental abilities objectively,
Psychometrics- argued that measuring sensory discrimination would NOT lead to insights into general mental capacity.
The first inelligence tests-ensure that education could be directed appropriately to children of different ability levels.
Recent Approaches to study intelligence
Sternberg Approach
the purpose adaptation to selection of, and shaping of real world
goal-directed adaptive behavior
Contextual
Experiental
Componential
practical intelligence-common sense
Gardener's Approach
have various aspects
multiple intelligence
linguistic intelligence-strong in the language
musical intelligence-strong in musical like the sound
Logical-mathematical intelligence-strong and enjoy exploring how things are related.
spatial intelligence-remember things visually,including exact sizes and shapes of objects
Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence-strong in body movement
Intrapersonal intelligence-with detailed and accurate self-knowledge
Interpersonal intelligence-strong in social intelligence like to develop ideas and learn from other people.
Naturalist intelligence-Human ability to recognize plants, animals and other parts of natural environment such as clouds/rocks.
The case of Phineas Gage
Brain damage affecting inter and intrapersonal knowledge
accidental explosion
Personality underwent radical change.