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UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL PROBLEMS (WEEK 1: WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY, WHAT IS A SOCIAL…
UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL PROBLEMS
WEEK 1: WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY, WHAT IS A SOCIAL PROBLEM :red_flag:
WHAT IS SOCIETY
social structure
family
schools
community groups
government
religion
culture
beliefs
values
behaviour
cultural symbols
what is sociology
unpicks common sense
studies human behaviour
humans are social beings
study of society (culture and social structures) and relationships (social)
READING SOCIOLOGY
written in frames
use metaphors
critical to rhetoric
different kinds
constitutive
basic level
hard to change
pedagogical
describe, clarify, strange unfamiliar,bridge between known/ unknown
heuristic
compare resemblance
persuasive
use rhetoric
argument
underpinned by assumptions
created by ideas and beliefs, not sensory impressions
dog=furry, barking, four legged creature
forms of sociology based on beliefs and theory/ thematta
ontology
beliefs about reality
nature of reality
nature of good and evil
epistemological/
methological
beliefs about how we know things about the world
questions
claims
evidence
sociological imagination
counters common scense
links biography to social world and history
demonstrates how agency (freedom) is are limited/shaped by social structure
unpacks the the significant meaning of perceived everyday events, practices and objects
C Cartwright Mills 1940s
nothing is simple or clear cut
question/ test
stop generalisations
MJ meets Wright
describe object
local analysis
global analysis
historical analysis
three strengths learned
using sociological imagination
think critically
reference to rest of unit
what are social problems
objective and subjective elements
caused by humans
effects more than individuals
can be fixed by humans
recognised, defined, legitamised
critical thinking
question common scense
be mindful of gap between self and society
question perceptions
think about actions
understand ideas/feeling
what is social
relationships in society
micro
macro
pre modern to modern
great transformation
capitalism
economic revolution
knowledge revolution
population revolution
colonisation
political revolution
sociology born
explain changes
help elites
help police
interpret GT
frames
story, metaphor, beliefs, values, facts
help understand the world
conservative frames
progressive frames
social issues and problems can be framed
WEEK 2:THINKING ABOUT SOCIAL PROBLEMS : :red_flag:
THEORY
scientific prediction
interpret human conduct,social reality
recipe/ practices
speculation free of evidence
can be macro or micro level
some are so prominent they are considered paradigms
functionalism
symbolic interaction
conflict theory
ideas of knowledge and reality
nature of reality
good and evil
ways to know reality
thematta
fundamental preconceptions that are widely believed and hard to prove otherwise
religion
positivists
existentialist
ontology
view of nature, of reality, what it looks like
positivists/ science
religion/ god
epistemology
,what knowledge, truth are, how its proven
The seven kinds of sociology
structural functionalism
Marxism
feminism
weberian sociology
symbolic interaction ism
critical theory
post foundationalism
STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONALISM
themes
society parts (institutions)
jigsaw
human body
summary of theory
ontology
moral consensus, cohesion, social stability glue that holds pieces togeather
standard of behavior
dysfunction leds to chaos, deviance and conflict
social structure
epitome
scientific research
analyse
macro level
concepts
Emile Durkheim
solidarity
mechanical
organic
collective conscience
common beliefs
no bond+no cc
change in cc+ behavior
anomie
state of normlessness
goals cant be meet
rapid social change
ROBERT MERTON
manifest and latent functions
institutions create functions
strain theory
deviant behavior
goals and inequality
illegitimate means
critical
ignores wealth and power
society is fair
dont recogise inequality
who is system functional for
social problems
pathology model
disorganisation model
rapid social change+anomie
can be useful
week 3:thinking about social problems 2 :red_flag:
conflict theory
constant struggle for resources
struggle =uneven system
macro view
pyramid structure=conflict
macro conflict between groups
gender,marriage,ethnicity,religion
concepts
Karl Marx
class inequality
those with wealth and power suppress others advancement
corporate violence
bourgeois care about profits at any cost
Weber
inequality in power
social/economical/political power
those with want to keep, those without want
conflict over resources
Connel
cultural domination
ruling class dominate society through use of media
functionalism vs conflict theory
functionalsim
organised to function effectively
equiliberium
structures work to meet needs
conflict and dysfunction from norms not being meet
conflict
organised according to power in balance
competion
competition prevents needs being meet
conflict needs neglected
WEEK 4: THINKING ABOUT SOCIAL PROBLEMS 3 :red_flag:
SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM
interactions between people
micro approach
use of symbols to communicate
actions communicate meaning
context+setting=behaviour
concepts
Cooley
looking glass self
we see ourselves the way we think others see us
Blumer
meaning,language,thought
meaning given, interaction, interpret meaning
Mead
generalised other
rules created by how we think others will react, rules are internalised
Goffman
dramaturgury
the world is a stage, we play roles, we keep good reject bad
Becker
labeling
behavior reacted to, name given , can be self fulfilling
criticism
ignores social structure
focus to much on individual power
agency without constraints
not about power,conflict and social change
WEEK 5:PROBLEMS OF HEALTH AND WELL BEING :red_flag: :
definitions
health
, body and mind well or ill
illness
, feeling unwell
well being,
health,happiness and content. positive outlook and feelings
patterns in Aus
good
live longer
bad
lifestyle chronic diseases
social factors
born, work, grow up, live location
city , regional
contaminated water and sewerage, big killer
globalisation
class, poverty
low income area, industrial area
education
were taught how to use our body
social+biological, we learn what to use our body for from others
gender
ethnic minority
aboriginal life expectancy
family household
sickness
personal,social,political meet
patient meets doctor in public hospital
social gradient of disease
better explanation of poor health than lifestyle
health illness is uneven cant be explained with just foolish lifestyle choice
problems
suicide
leading cause of death of males 15-24
economic
indigenous over rep
addiction
legal illegal drugs
most concerning alcohol 42%
iatrogenic ilness
eating disorders
68% overweight
90% women account for eating disorder
PERSPECTIVES
functional
smooth function of society needs good health,dysfunction from bad
conflict
health outcome of society determined by capitalist
legal protection of health professionals
monopoly on medical treatment
who defines problem
not equal opportunity to help
SI
health, illness labels, dr patient relationship
biological factors
disease
genetic
bacterial
viral
cultural
consumption
public policy
stories
health issues
WEEK 6: FAMILY PROBLEMS :red_flag:
what is a family
"A family is defined by the ABS as two or more persons, one of whom is at least 15 years of age, who are related by blood, marriage (registered or de facto), adoption, step or fostering, and who are usually resident in the same household.
systems
monagamy
serial monogomy
polygamy
polygamy
bigamy
structural functionalist perspective
sexual function
reproductive function
educational
economic function
types
nuclear
long history
decline since 70s
myth ideal
familist period 45-75
changes
fertility
division of labour
sexual division
Murdock
universal
functionalist
problems
not universal
ignored times and places where this is not the norm
not all functional
only looks at positives
de facto
extended
house hold
single
why look at families
social institution that has seen major change
major agent for social reproduction and primary socialistion
can be conductive for antisocial behavior
gender roles
varies in societies
subservient
inequality
division of labour
how perception of family changes
individual choice
generational change
social, political, economic change
shape and function of family
problems
most violent social grouping
violence and abuse
child abuse
elder abuse
parent abuse
IPV
sibling abuse
divorce
health
economic
effects on child
damaged relationship with non residential
48% end in divorce
teen pregnancy
early sexual activity
low education
poverty
poor health
perspective
functionalist
important function in society
single parent, divorce result of rapid social change
family breakdown other social problems
changes in social institutes results in family problems
conflict
industry and capitalism = gender inequality
division of labour
gender double standards
power and wealth inequality between genders
elites shape family policy
SI
teaching through language and interaction
self concept based on how others interact looking glasss self
stereo types based on division of labour
stigmatization of non traditional family norms
trends
1/3 2 parents + dependants
1/3 couples without kids
sole parents
living alone
the state influence on family
policy
baby bonus
flexible work hours
employment legislation
gender equality
week 7: CRIME AND CONTROL :red_flag:
perspectives
conflict
power and social inequality
crimes of powerless/powerful
law instrument of opression
class biase
unemployment poverty dont= crime
functionalist
crime is functional, creates social order
Durkheim
clarify moral boundaries/ norms
social unity
promote change
Merton
strain theory
retreat
conform
innovate
rebel
ritualism
SI
labeling theory
focault
government
social science
whatisnormal
define regulate categories people
id mad, criminal, abnormal
response
stigma
shaming
sanction
degrade
definitions
crime, violation of laws, not all crimes are deviant
deviance, violation of norms, not all deviance is criminal
time
culture value
cultural universal
socially constructed
media
moral panic
frames
violent crime
prominance
WEEK 8: POVERTY AND INEQUALITY :red_flag:
poverty
transitional
marginal,seasonal
residual, chronic,multi generational
absolute,lack of resources for material wellness
relative,lack of material and economic resources
2016, 2.9 million Australians living below poverty line (13.3%)
17.4% of kids live in poverty 2016
patterns of poverty
age
sex
education
family
ethnictiy
working poor 40% 1 0r both parents work
stratification
society layers
ranked statuses
access to power
wealth
prestige
Aus 4th most unequal society in the world 2008
common sense= individual
social imagination= society
capital
cultural
economic
social
symbolic
PERSPECTIVES
functionalist
economic inequality as a result of breakdown
culture of poverty, set norms
weakening of attachment to society
economic inequality can be beneficial
right talent for the right job
conflict
inequality due to class dominance
marx class inequaity
2/3 of Australians sell labor
welfare,global poverty, corporations
si
labeling rich, poor
meaning attached
meaning varies across societies and time
identity
id is embodied
stereo types
class
classification to wealth
upper/ruling/elites
middle
lower
under
social mobility
ability to change class
social division of inequality
health problems
crime
housing
education
family stress
WEEK 9: GENDER, SEXUALITY AND PROBLEM OF EQUALITY : :red_flag:
sex
,biological markers
gender,
sociological, cultural, psychological markers
social construction
masculine
feminine
gender norms
media, myths
intersex
,both biological characteristics
essential ism
biological
sex role
shared characteristics with other men women
biological determinism
sociological determinism
determines behavior and id
what roles are functional
children taught gender
gender is id based on bio and cultural
gender ideology
gender inequality in aus
social structure
culture
gender inequality
patriary
sexual division of labor
feminisation of workplace
glass ceiling
perspectives
functionalist
division of labor functional
functional family based on hetro mono
Conflict
division of labor ensures the reproduction of labor
struggles over resources
si
meaning taught
social problems
feminism poverty
soc psych cost, violence against self
gendered health andillness
men crime
violence
gay hate crime
eating disorder
stereotyping
WEEK 10: RACE, ETHNICITY AND MARGINALIZATION :red_flag:
intergroup relationships
genocide
pop transfer
colonisation
segregation
assimilation
plurism
inhumane,rejection- human,acceptance
racial stratification
perspective
functional
racist ideology legitimizes inequality
intended unintended consequences
conflict
result of conflict between groups
cultural dominance
si
labelling
national community
legislation
immigration policy
assimilation
integration
multi
race and racism
generalisations
physical markers
ignores shared characteristics
inferiority based on biological markers
discrimination
prejudice
long history of overt and institute racism
collective id
race
discredited, unscientific, based on biology
creates minority and dominant groups
ethnicity
preferred, language,customs,values etc
community
inclusion and exclusion. enemy ,friend
imagined community
WEEK 11: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS :red_flag:
problems of globalization
globalisation
social,economic,political, cultural processes that cut across the world
division of labor
nike
high wage manufacture vs low wage
profits /exploitation
global comity chain
social imagination links biography, history and social
globalisation extends linkage
pop growth and urbanization
enviro problems
poverty unemployment
global inseurity
transport traffic problems
wildlife human health
science and tech
relationship and interaction
privacy and security
immigration outsourcing
digital divide
mental physical health
pollution
resource depletion
environmental crime
violate law
polution
dumping waste
illegal trade
unregulated fishing
illegal logging water theft
define
enviro victims
enviro justice, human wellbeing
ecological justice, health of biosphere
goverment
gov is problem
neo liberlist
support enviro crime
create laws
business can be protected by laws
powerful powerless
big business
slapps
manipulate evidence
state reluctance
criminal no good
global
cross border pollution
dumping of waste
illegal trading
enviro injustice/ racism
minority
indigenous
peasants
tribes
powerless to fight
responses
activism
education
green energy
consumer beahviour
slow pop growth
policy
int coop
focus on individual not activity
whistle blower protection
perspectives
si
meaning,language, labels effect enviro problems
manipulate public
virtue masking vice
conflict
wealth,power,profit
industry profit
wealth power influence policy
political donation
functionalism
focus on change in social effected by other sysytems
latent/ unintended
employment patterns
sustainability
define
creates conflict, social,economic, political
central to policy,government, organisation etc
maintain,derived from conservative movement
individual health, collective survival of humans
can be applied politically, economically, socially
importance
BECK risk society
war, disease, catastrophy
society nobody in charge
social movement
enviromental
anti war
equal rights
:women
deregulate and privatize
WEEK 12: WAR,CONFLICT TERRORISM :red_flag:
crime in global village
access info
global issue
glocal
cjs
comparrison
transnational
war used to justify extreme measures
act of war , voids CJS
5th column
islamophobia
seditation
raids
held nocharge
due process avoided rule of law ignored
rendition
conflict
wars
land
religion
race, ethnicity
defence
revolt civil
nationalism
terrorism
economic change
social change
perspectives
conflict
struggle for power resources between countries
benefits elites
military industrial complex
si
meaning define
war mind set prep
recruit, public suppourt
functionalist
war is functional good
bring people togeather
boost economy
create jobs
new tech
social reform
latent functions
Australia and globalisation
Gideon, nation states no longer major players in modernisation
NWO
based on nation states
world capitalist economy, dominated by business
global inequality
exploitation human misery
marganilaisation
division of labour
human waste
world military order
world risk society
inequality replaced with fear
world smaller west experiencing enviro d isaster
security increase
actuarial justice
prison industrial complex, migrants, asylum seekers, war on terror suspects
global economy, neo liberalism, network society
materialism
americaniasation
glocal
westernisation
cosumerism
social and time space compresion
info movement
transport
mobility
cross borders
cultural exchange
role of state
illicit economy
challenge to sovereignty
war on terror
global mobility restricted to west