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CHAPTER 8 India (Key Terms: (Indo – Aryan
- A diverse Indo-European…
CHAPTER 8 India
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Key Terms:
Indo – Aryan
- A diverse Indo-European-speaking ethnolinguistic group of speakers of Indo-Aryan languages. There are over one billion native speakers of Indo-Aryan languages, most of them native to South Asia, where they form the majority
Vedas- A large body of knowledge texts originating in the ancient Indian subcontinent. Composed in Vedic Sanskrit, the texts constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism
Mahabharata-One of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa. The Mahābhārata is an epic narrative of the Kurukṣetra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the Pāṇḍava princes
Ramayana-An ancient Indian epic poem which narrates the struggle of the divine prince Rama to rescue his wife Sita from the demon king Ravana. Along with the Mahabharata, it forms the Sanskrit Itihasa
Rama
-One of the most widely worshipped Hindu deities, the embodiment of chivalry and virtue. Although there are three Ramas mentioned in Indian tradition—Parashurama, Balarama, and Ramachandra—the name is specifically associated with Ramachandra, the seventh incarnation (avatar) of Vishnu.
Krishna
-One of the most widely revered and most popular of all Indian divinities, worshipped as the eighth incarnation (avatar, or avatara) of the Hindu god Vishnu and also as a supreme god in his own right. Krishna became the focus of numerous bhakti (devotional) cults, which have over the centuries produced a wealth of religious poetry, music, and painting.
Janapadas-The realms, republics and kingdoms of the Vedic period on the Indian subcontinent — late Bronze Age into the Iron Age — from about 1200 BCE to the 6th century BCE
Magadha- An ancient Indian kingdom in southern Bihar, and was counted as one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas of ancient India
Chandragupta Maurya-The founder of the Mauryan dynasty and the first emperor to unify most of India under one administration. He is credited with saving the country from maladministration and freeing it from foreign domination. He later fasted to death in sorrow for his famine-stricken people.
Mauryan Empire-A geographically extensive Iron Age historical power founded by Chandragupta Maurya which dominated ancient India between c. 322 and 187 BCE
Asoka-An Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty, who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from c. 268 to 232 BCE
Artha-sastra-An ancient Indian treatise on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy, written in Sanskrit
Kautilya-An Indian teacher, philosopher, economist, jurist and royal advisor. He is traditionally identified as Kauṭilya or Vishnugupta, who authored the ancient Indian political treatise, the Arthashastra
Guilds
- Any of various medieval associations, as of merchants or artisans, organized to maintain standards and to protect the interests of its members, and that sometimes constituted a local governing body
Gupta Empire-An ancient Indian empire founded by Sri Gupta. The empire existed at its zenith from approximately 315 to 551 CE and covered much of the Indian subcontinent
Chandra Gupta I-A king of the Gupta Empire around 320 CE. As the ruler of the Gupta Empire, he is known for forging alliances with many powerful families in the Ganges region
Hunas-Hunas or Huna was the name given by the ancient Indians to a group of Central Asian tribes who, via the Khyber Pass, entered India at the end of the 5th or early 6th century
Monsoon-The seasonal wind of the Indian Ocean and southern Asia, blowing from the southwest in summer and from the northeast in winter
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The Empires of India
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The Maurya Empire
The significant leaders are Chandragupta Maurya, Bindusara, and Asoka
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Asoka, India's Buddhist Empire
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India , China, and Rome: Empires and Intermediate Institutions
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Invasion of the Hunas India didn't expand beyond subcontinent, but all three were at least partially invaded by the Hunas.
Administration Rome and China had Institutionalized Bureaucracies. india's government was ruled through a family lineage.
Local institutions and the state Roman and Chinese government touched the population directly. The Indian government was connected to familial, cultural and religious power.
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