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Food Words: Class has being the strongest influence in shaping…
Food Words: Class
has being the strongest influence
in shaping history of food.
by Peter Jackson
Food People and Place
Nutrition variations by social class
in Europe people used food to
climb the social ladder or
used food to push some people down
Food is used to produce class based identities
Pierre Bordieu (1984)
Analysis of food and
class throughout history
Medieval time
food was scarce and
cause of concern
Launcelot Sturgeon wrote
science of good living in1822
gluttony = a mere effort of appetite
refine and development of taste = a peculiar attribute of the palate
distinction = socially constructed
Friedrich Engels 1844 - Conditions
of Working class in England
diet of working class depended on wages
Bacon and cheese
no wages meat only 2 x week
otherwise potato porridge bread
Book of Household Management
by Isabella Beeton (1861)
social class etiquette
cooking tips without servants table manners
George Orwell 1930
working class diet: white bread
corn beef
margarine and sugared tea
'When you are unemployed, underfed
harassed and bored, you
don't want wholesome food
you want something tasty:
run on and get the ice cream
put the kettle on and lets have tea!
Social condescension in regards to the cooking
abilities of the poor
Alexis Soyer (1845)
'A shilling cookery for the people'
Jamies Oliver
tried to teach a whole town how to cook
Food and
People's real
experience
of it, is still all
about class
(Lawrence 2008)
Lawrence 2008 links
diet, health and social class
in contemporary Britain
Low income groups are more
likely to suffer
from tooth decay, eczema,
asthma obesity, heart disease
stroke cancer and etc.
financial logic behind it:
1 x broccoli 51 p - 100 calories
3 x chips - 2 p - 100 calories
Healthier options also end
up uneaten most of the times
(Stuart 2009)
Local studies in Glasgow and Leeds
Wrigley et al 2009 and Cummings and McIntyre 2002
Lack of retail investment no offers of affordable food
Some areas researched: Does distance play a role in purchasing food?
Cultural judgment about taste and value play stronger role than just the distance.
Consumption practice is socially embedded highly routinized not amenable to rapid change
Bourdieu 1984
Link between class and
diet often cast in moralistic terms
Fox and Smith (2011)
class disgust
Family Expenditure Survey Data
1988
Tomlinson and Alan Warde
Unoccupied: tea, fish, jam, cocoa and flour
low income: beer, potato, cooked meat
middle class: processed food,
frozen fruit, eating out
survey almost the same even today
Classes and food
Belasco (2007) - blue-collar emergence after WWII
kitchen appliances, latest convenience food
occasional dinner in restaurants
William Julius Wilson 1987
Black and Hispanic - overrepresented
the truly disadvantaged
14.5% food insecure in the US
5.4% very low food insecure (Coleman 2011)
Farmers market and community growing
white middle class
they tried in the US and low resonance amongst
black minority group
Food activism - reflects the communities they serve
Urban consumers searching for local seasonal quality organic food not interested in working conditions of fruit pickers (Julie Guthman 2008)
Food production is barely hidden injuries of class (Sennett and Cobb 1972)
