Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Microbes (Immunity and Vaccination (Every cell has unique proteins on…

- - - - There is a delay between being infected and feeling ill because the bacteria needs time to reproduce to actually cause illness. They cause illness because they multiply and make toxins.
      - The largest bacteria only measures 10 micrometres.
  - - - Viruses make you feel ill because they burst the cells open and multiply, releasing more viruses. The difference between bacteria and viruses is that bacteria make copy of themselves and viruses infect other cells and take them to produce more copies.
- - - - Droplets containing microbes fly into the air when people sneeze or cough. The microbes they contain get into other people if breathed in. Chicken pox, colds, flu, measles and tuberculosis are spread like this. We should wash our hands
        after using the toilet, after handling raw foods like chicken, meat and vegetables, before eating or handling ready to eat food, after having contact with animals, including pets.
      - Microbes can be passed from one person to another when people touch each other, or when they touch something an infected person has handled. Athlete's foot is spread like this. Bacteria on the skin can be killed by antiseptics, and bacteria on surfaces can be killed by disinfectants. Washing your hands reduces the chance of spreading microbes.
      - Animals may carry harmful microbes. The microbes can get into a person who is scratched or bitten by such an animal. Malaria is a tropical disease spread by a tiny fly called a mosquito.
        
        Malaria is a life-threatening disease. It's typically transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. Infected mosquitoes carry the Plasmodium parasite. When this mosquito bites you, the parasite is released into your bloodstream.
        
        Rat bites and scratches can result in disease and rat-bite fever. Rat urine is responsible for the spread of leptospirosis, which can result in liver and kidney damage. It can also be contracted through handling or inhalation of scat. Complications include renal and liver failure, as well as cardiovascular problems.
      - Water can have harmful microbes in it. The microbes get into the body when the water is swallowed. Cholera is a disease caused by a bacterium that spreads like this. Thorough boiling or adding chlorine to the water can reduce the chance of spreading microbes in this way.
        
        Cholera is an infectious disease that causes severe watery diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration and even death if untreated. It is caused by eating food or drinking water contaminated with a bacterium called Vibrio cholerae.
      - Food can have harmful microbes in and on it. The microbes get into the body when the food is eaten, causing food poisoning. Thorough cooking kills most microbes, but they can survive under-cooking. Careless handling of food increases the risk from harmful microbes.