Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
English Language- Subsystems (**PURPOSEof language (Entertain, Persuade,…
English Language- Subsystems
SEMANTICS
- the meaning of words and language and how this changes over time
Semantic Fiel
d- words grouped with similar meaning. eg tent, sleeping bag, torch, backpack-= camping
Etymology
-origin of words and how they change over time
Denotation
-the literal meaning of a word., eg green = a colour
Connotation
- inferred meaning or additional meanings, eg green= an environmentally aware person or political party
Ways Words Change
Shift
Deteriation
Elevation
Narrowing
Broadening
Euphemism
Dysphemism
LEXICOLOGY
- the words that make up language, how they behave e.g a dictionary
Neologisms
-newly coined words, expressions or usages
Coinage
- new word
Nonce word
- created for a single occasion
Borrowing
- taken from another language. Algebra from Arabic
Blends
-2 word to make 1 brother & romance = bromance
Initialism & Acronyms
Anzac or RSPCA
Shortenings
refrigerator to fridge
Contractions
-squeezing 2 words together with an apostrophe to denote missing letters I will = I'll
MORPHOLOGY**
- the structure of words
Morpheme
- smallest unit of meaning
Free Morpheme
stand alone unit of meaning, eg. dog, can, do
Bound Morpheme
must be attached to another morpheme to make a word, eg. ed, un, ing
prefix
suffix
Inflectional morpheme
Derivational morpheme
PHONOLOGY
- the sound systems of language, Australian English has 26 letters & 44 sounds
PHONETICS
- how the sounds produced, transmitted & received.
PHONEMES- distinct unit of sound IPA
DISCOURSE
- looking at language above the level of a sentence, written & spoken
Context
**PURPOSE
of language
Entertain
Persuade
Inform
Social Purpose
REGISTER
Register Scale
informal to formal
Consultative
Formal
Casual
Frozen
Intimate
Colloquial language
Taboo language
SYNTAX
-
Parts of speech
Noun-person, place, thing or idea
Verb-action word
Pronoun-replacement for noun I, we, her, him, they
Adverb- describes verb
Adjective- describes noun
Conjunction-joins words or phrases- and, but, so
Preposition- indicates location or time- under, before
Interjections- express emotion- hey, oh, wow!
Sentence Types
Exclamatory-strong out burst
Declarative- a statement
Imperative- a command or order
Interrogative- a question
Sentence Structure
Compound
- 2 or more independent clauses
Complex
- 1 independent clause & 2 or more subordinate
Compound/Complex
- 2 or more independent clauses & one or more subordinate clauses*
Simple
- 1 independent clause
Clauses
Independent
- can stand alone as a sentence
Subordinate
- cannot stand alone as a sentence