Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
C1: ATOMIC STRUCTURE (Structure of The Atom (Atoms are made of protons,…
C1: ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Atoms
-
The periodic table lists all the chemical elements, with eight main groups each containing elements with similar chemical properties
-
An atom has a tiny nucleus (positive charge) at its centre, surrounded by electrons (negative charge)
Chemical Equations
No new atoms are ever created or destroyed in a chemical reaction: total mass of reactants = the total mass of products
-
You can include state symbols to give extra information in balanced symbol equations. These are (s) for solids, (l) for liquids, (g) for gases and (aq) for aqueous solutions
Separating Mixtures
-
Mixtures can be separated by physical means such as filtration, crystallisation and simple distillation
-
The History of the Atom
-
New evidence has been gathered from the experiment of scientist who have used their model of the atom to explain their observations and calcuations
Key ideas were proposed by Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr, before arriving at the model of the atom we use today
Structure of The Atom
Atoms are made of protons, neutrons and electrons
Protons have a relative charge of +1 and electrons have a relative charge of -1. Neutrons have no electric charge; they are neutral
-
Atoms contain an equal number of protons and electrons, so carry no overall charge
-
-
-
Ions, Atoms and Isotopes
-
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. They have identical chemical properties, but their physical properties, such as density, can differ
Electronic Structure
-
The lowest energy level (1st shell) can hold up to 2 electrons and the next energy level (2ns shell) can hold up to 8 electrons
-
The number of electrons in the outermost shell of an element's atom determines the way in which the element reacts