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C2: THE PERIODIC TABLE (Electronic Structures and The Periodic Table (The…
C2: THE PERIODIC TABLE
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The Halogens (Group 7)
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A more reactive halogen can displace a less reactive halogen can displace a less reactive halogen form a solution of one of its salts
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Explaining Trends
You can explain trends in reactivity as you go down a group in terms of attraction between electrons in the outermost shell and the nucleus. This depends on...
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The number of occupied inner shells of electrons, which provide a shielding effect
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In deciding how easy it is for atoms to lose or gain electrons from their outermost shell, these three factors must be taken into account. The increased nuclear charge, due to extra protons in the nucleus, going down the group is outweighed by the other 2 factors
Therefore, electrons are easier for the larger atoms to lose electrons going down a group, and harder for them to gain going down the group
The Transition Elements
Compared with the alkali metals, transition metals have much higher melting and boiling points and densities. They are also harder and stronger but are much less reactive
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They can form ions elements can form ions with different charges and compounds that are usually coloured
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