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Plants, Nutrients and Transport (Essential elements and their functions…
Plants, Nutrients and Transport
Essential elements and their functions
an element is defined as essential if a plant cant survive without it
most are determined using liquid culture systems
classified as either
Macronutrients
main 3
Phosphorus (P)
used in making nucleic acids
an essential part of ATP
and phospholipids
Potassium (K)
used in balancing the movement of H+ ions during
photosynthesis
maintaining osmotic potential in cells
in opening
and closing of stomata
most fertilisers contain NPK
Nitrogen (N)
in every protein molecule including
phytochrome and chlorophyll
Calcium (Ca)
Used in stomatal closing during water stress
cell wall
structure
Magnesium (Mg)
found within chlorophyll molecules
Sulphur (s)
in every protein molecule including
phytochrome and chlorophyll
Micronutrients
Just as essential as macronutrients
Iron (Fe)
in the ferredoxins and cytochromes of the electron transfer
chains
used in making chlorophyll
Molybdenum (Mo)
Manganese (Mn)
Copper (Cu)
Zinc (Zn)
Boron (B)
Nickel (Ni)
depending on relative conc in the plant tissue
Insufficient supply of an essential mineral element results in metabolic
disorders
shown as deficiency symptoms
excess levels of an element will lead to toxicity
can be due to soil type
Nutrient uptake and movement in the roots
mineral nutrients need to move from soil to plants
greater conc of mineral nutrients in root cells than in the soil solution
uptake is against the concentration gradient
active transport
requires an input of energy
uptake is also selective
essential nutrients are taken up more than non-essential nutrients
Primary Active Transport
proton-pumping ATPase
A central component of the uptake system
found in the plasmalemma of the root cells
activated by ATP
a source of chemical energy
pumps H+ out of the cell
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Secondary Active Transport
Transport in the Xylem
Limiting effect of pH on nutrient avaliability
Strategies used by plants to maintain the uptake of nutrients
Transport in the Phloem