The geography of Egypt relates to two regions: North Africa and Southwest Asia. Egypt has coastlines on both the Mediterranean Sea, the River Nile and the Red Sea. Egypt borders Libya to the west, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, and Sudan to the south. The geography of ancient Egypt was dominated, as is today, by the combination of lack of rainfall and the Nile River. The Greek historian Herodotus called Egypt the "gift of the Nile", since the kingdom owed its survival to the annual flooding of the Nile and the resulting depositing of fertile stilts

Egypt, lies at the northeast corner of Africa at the junction of four biogeographical regions, Irano-Turanian, Mediterranean, Saharo-Sindian and Afrotropical. At the same time it is at the center of the great Saharo-Sindian desert belt that runs from Morocco on the northwest corner of Africa to the high, cold deserts of central Asia. Egypt is bounded on the north and east by two largely enclosed seas, the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. This unique position is enhanced by the circumstance that it is divided by the Nile, the longest river in the world. Most of Egypt is either arid or hyper arid; however, due to its very varied eco-zones, the country is home to a wide diversity of terrestrial habitats and a fauna and flora, which although relatively low in species numbers and with few endemics, is extremely varied in composition.

Egypt has been traversed by migratory peoples since time immemorial, some of them have settled in this ancient land. Having authentic and varied cultures, each group has influenced the landscape in its own distinctive way. Their indigenous knowledge and traditions constitute an important portion of Egypt's cultural heritage, which is largely eclipsed by the wonders of Ancient Egypt and its grand tombs, pyramids and temples. These cultures are also threatened by the intrusion of modern civilization. Promoting the welfare of these people not only conserves their unique knowledge and culture but also leads to the conservation of nature.

Ecosystems and habitats must be maintained to safeguard species. Species must be protected in order to conserve ecosystems and habitats. In Egypt, the fairly low number of species and the relatively large number of eco-zones and habitats makes the preservation of both especially important.

The Egyptians believed that joy and happiness were legitimate goals of life and regarded home and family as the major source of delight.” Because of this belief, women enjoyed a higher prestige in Egypt than in any other culture of the ancient world.

The culture of Egypt has thousands of years of recorded history. Ancient Egypt was among the earliest civilizations in Africa. For millennia, Egypt maintained a strikingly unique, complex and stable culture that influenced later cultures of Europe.