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Cell Injury (Players (Membrane damage (Plasma membrane (loss of cell…

- - - - loss of cell components
    - - Leak of digestive enzymes
    - - MPT pores
  - - - Lipid peroxidation of membranes
      - Oxidative modification of proteins
      - DNA Damage (thymine rxns lead to DNA breaks)
    - - Antioxidants
        
        Vitamin A
        
        Vitamin E
        
        Glutathione
        
        Ascorbic Acid
      - Enzymes
        
        Superoxide dismutase
        
        Catalase
        
        Glutathione peroxidase
      - Iron, Cu carrier proteins
        
        Transferrin
        
        Ceruloplasin
- - - - Associated with pernicious anemia (B12 deficiency)
  - - - Disorderly proliferation
- - - - Loss of O2
    - - Loss o blood delivering O2
    - - Failure of cell membrane pumps
      - pH lowered leading to nuclear chromatin clumping
      - Mitochondria damaged first
      - Disaggregation of ribosomes
  - - - specifically targets organelle/molecule
      - CN: blocks cytochrome oxidase
      - Taxol: destabilizes microtubules
    - - Generation of free radical
      - Acetaminophen: detoxified by GSH
      - Carbontetrachloride: processed by P450 in SER. Detoxified by Vit E
  - - - Diabetes mellitus
      - Glycogen storage diseases
        
        Pompe disease
    - - Reabsorption
        
        Kidney PCT
      - Excess synthesis
      - Folding defects
        
        Chaperones
        
        Defective intracellular transport
        
        alpha 1 antitrypsin
        
        Prions
    - - Cholesterol
        
        Athlerosclerosis
        
        Xanthomas
      - Steatosis
        
        Fatty liver