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North and Central African Societies (Musim States (Islam spread and some…
North and Central African Societies
Huntings- Gathering Societies
Forest Dwellers
The Efe are just one of several hunting gathering societies in Africa.
They make their home in the Ituri Forest in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
The groups are 10-100 members all of whom are related Each family occupies there own grass and brush shelter within a camp.
But there homes are rarely permanent.
The Efe collect few possessions and move to new camp as they use up the resources.
Women are gathers. Men do all the hunting. They trade honey and wild game.
Efe Society
Culture
Social Structure
A repeated older male such as a father uncle or father in law typically serves as group leader.
Although member of the group listen to and value this mans opinion he does not give order or act as chief.
Each family within the band makes its own decisions and is free to come and go.
Hunters VS Gathers
Leadership
Hunting gathering societies, the oldest form of social organization in the world began in Africa.
Hunting and gathering still exist today.
Its an extremely small portion but they speak there own languages and often use there own hunting techniques .
By studying these groups scholars learn clues about how hunter gathers may have lived in the past.
What feature of the Efe social structure is most like that of a democratic society?
They both have a leader, but the person in power doesn't make all the decisions.
To what might the Efe attribute their long success as a hunting gathering society?
No one is power hungry.
Stateless Societies
Families were in groups. This was known as
lineage
Included a lot of past, present, and future generations
These groups would end up taking over government leaders.
However they didn't have a centralized government, so they were called
stateless societies
. Their way of government was that the power was equally distributed throughout the whole lineage.
Tracing Family Descent
The reason behind this is so that when a person dies in the lineage their belongings get passed down to the correct person
In the
patrilineal
society the people traced through their fathers.
Most times, it would go from father to son
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In the
matrilineal
society people would trace through their mothers.
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Culture
Age-Set System
This is when young people would try to form relationships with outsiders of the lineage
The age set system is also when a certain age group from the same time period are born in the same region.
They would then pass through certain events together as a group
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Culture
How would a conflict between youngest cousins be resolved?
The eldest members of the lineage would resolve the conflict
Leadership
The Ibo people had been doing this way of power from as early as the 9th century
This did end 10 centuries later, when the European colonizers, wanted only one leader.
Democratization
How is lineage important to stateless societies?
It's important because this was the families way for government
Musim States
Islam spread and some African rulers converted to Islam.
African Muslim rulers based their government upon Islamic Law
Muslims believed God’s law is higher then any Human Law
Muslims rulers often relied on religious scholars as a government adviser.
Values & Beliefs
Religion
Islam played a vital role in North America
Muhhamds death in 632 caused Muslims to sweep across the Northwest part of the continent
Converting many by the sword of conquest and others peacefully
670, the muslims were ruling Egypt and had entered Maghrib which in today society is called the Mediterranean coast of Libya, Tunisia, Alergia, and Morocco.
Leadership
Islamic Law
Following the law is a religious obligation.
Muslims do
NOT
Spread their personal life from there religious life, the Islamic Law stops them from all areas of human life.
Islamic law helped to bring order to Muslim states.
Many Muslim states had ethnic and cultural differences.
Nonetheless, Islamic Law has been such a significant force in History that some states in North America are influenced by it today.
Values & Beliefs
Q: How is Islamic Law different from law in the United States?
A: religious beliefs and practices it makes no distinction between religion and daily life
Q: how did the almoravids and the almohads differ
A:Almohads had with the Almoravids was that the Almoravid rulers were moving away from the traditional practice of Islam.