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Chapter 10: Acid and Bases (Acids (Strong acid (Mineral acids, Very…
Chapter 10: Acid and Bases
Acids
Produce
hydrogen ions,H^+
in water
Presence of
hydrogen ions
causes
acidity
Presence of water
needed for formation of hydrogen ions
When
dissolved in water
, properties of acid shown
Strong acid
Mineral acids
Very corrosive
Eg. Hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric acid
Used in industries
:!:
Fully ionised
into ions in solution
Weak Acid
Organic acid
Not as corrosive
Eg. Citric acid
Used in food
:!:
Partially ionised
into hydrogen ions
Properties
:star:
Acid+ Metal--> Salt+ Hydrogen
('pop' sound when
lighted
splint
:star:
Acid+Oxide--> Salt+Water
:star:
Acid+Carbonate--> Salt+Water+Carbon dioxide
(
white precipitate
in
limewater
)
:star:
Acid+Hydroxide-->Salt+water
Bases
Oxide
Acidic
:star: Oxide of
non-metal
Gases
at room temperature
Soluble
in water
DO NOT
react with acid
Basic
:star: Oxide of
metal
MOSTLY insoluble
in water
Solid
at room temperature
React
with acid
Amphoteric
:star: Oxide of
metal
that reacts with
BOTH acid
and
bases
Neutral
:star: Oxides of
non-metal
that
DO NOT
react with
acid
or
alkali
Hydroxide
Insoluble
Soluble (alkali)
In
aqueous
state, produce
hydroxide
ion
Strong alkali-->
Fully
ionised into
hydroxide
ions
Weak alkali-->
Partially
ionised into
hydroxide
ions
Properties
Soapy
Turn
damp red
litmus paper
blue
Reaction
Acid+Alkali-->Salt+Water (neutralisation)
Alkali+Ammonium-->Salt+Water+Ammonia gas
Indicator
:star:Dyes or mixtures of dyes which
change colour
when in contact with acid and alkali
Different colour
for acidic and alkaline solution
:100: Best indicator is
Universal indicator
Shows whether solution is
acid
or
alkali
Shows whether
strong
or
weak
Colour scale
Applications
Acidity in soil
pH 4-8
Clayey
soil- generally
acidic
Soil in
limestone
area- generally
alkaline
Controlling pH of soil
Affects growth and development
:+1::skin-tone-3:Grow best in
neutral
or
slightly acidic
soil (pH 6-7)
When
too acidic
, use
calcium oxide
or
calcium hydroxide
:arrow_up:
Raise
pH
:red_cross:When add fertilisers,
DO NOT
add
calcium hydroxide
--> Loss of ammonia and nitrogen