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Societies and Empires of Africa (Muslim States (Islam : Playing a Vital…
Societies and Empires of Africa
Hunting-Gathering Societies
Hunting and Gathering
Hunting and gathering is one of the oldest forms of socialization
Hunting and gathering began in Africa
Groups that survived from hunting and gathering usually spoke many different languages
Some of Africas population still use hunting and gathering today
Forest Dwellers
They are one of the many hunting and gather groups that still strive in Africa
They live in groups, anywhere from 10 to 100 people, and they are all related
They make their home in the Ituri Forest in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Life in the Ituri Forest Today
The EFE are a somewhat nomadic groups and their huts are never permanent
They trade for honey and crops with local framers to make more out of the diet
To what might the Efe attribute their long success as a hunting-gathering society?
They may attribute their success to being a tribe made of family. They may also attribute it to the land they have lived on and the Ituri Forest
Social Structure
The women were gatherers
The men were hunters
A respected older male typically served as group leader
Although members of the group listen and value this man's opinion, he does not give orders
What feature of the Efe Social Structure is most like that of a democratic society?
Their respected older male as a leader is most like that of a democratic society. His opinion is valued but people don't have to listen to him which is closely related to that of our president
Every family has the right to make there own choices and is free to come and go
Members settle arguments through communicating if they can not come to peace the member may move to a different hunting ground
Muslim States
Islam : Playing a Vital Role in Africa
After Muhammad's death in 632, Muslims traveled across the northwest part of Africa
By 670, Muslims ruled Egypt and had entered the Maghrib
As Islam spread, some African rulers converted to Islam and based their government on Islamic Law
How do states governed by Islamic law differ from the United States?
The US law is set by going through many different people and is decided on by that, while Islamic law is very much based on religion. Our law is subject to change over time, but Islamic law stays very much the same overtime.
What is the Maghrib?
About the Maghrib
They converted many peacefully and by conquest
Islamic Law
In Islam, following the law is a religious obligation
Muslims do not separate their personal life from their religious life
Islamic law regulates almost all areas of human life
There were sometimes states that had differing interpretations of Islamic Law
Berbers were among those who converted and they accepted Islam as their faith but kept their Berber identities and loyalties
Two Berber groups, the Almoravids and the Almohads, founded empires that united the Maghrib under Muslim rule
Almoravid Reformers
In the 11th century, Muslim reformers founded the Almoravid Empire
Its members came from a Berber group that resided in the western Sahara
The movement began after devout Berber Muslims mad a pilgrimage to Mecca
On their way home, they convinced a Muslim scholar from Morocco named Abd Allah Ibn Yasin to return with hem and teach their people about Islam
Abd Allah Ibn Yasin's teaching attracted followers, and he found a strict religious brotherhood, known as the Almoravids
In the 1050's, Yasin led the Almoravids in an effort to spread Islam through conquest
After Yasin's death in 1059, the Almoravids went on to take Morocco and found Marrakech which became their capital
The Almoravids overran the West African empire of Ghana by 1076, and also captured parts of southern Spain
Almohads Take Over
In the mid-1100's, the Almohads seized power from the Almoravids
The Almohads were another group of Berber Muslim reformers
The Almohads began a religious movement in the Atlas Mountains of Morocco
They followed the teachings of Ibn Tumart
After a pilgrimage to Mecca, Tumart accused the Almoravid rulers for moving away from the traditional practice of Islam
The Almohads fought to overthrow the Almoravids and remain true to their view of traditional Islamic beliefs
How did the Almoravids and the Almohads differ?
The Almohads stuck to Islam religion while the Almoravids had the Islam religion but practiced it not as traditionally.
By 1148, the Almohads controlled most of Morocco and ended Almoravid rule
They kept Marrakech as their capital
By the end of the 12th century, they conquered a very large portion of southern Spain
The Almohad Empire broke up into individual Muslim dynasties after some time
Stateless Societies
Only grade the two sections that are completed
Religion
Conflict
Change
Conquest
Cooperations
Social Systems