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B1 Key Concepts (Si Units (Micro- (10^ -6), Nano- (10^ -9), Milli- (10^ …
B1 Key Concepts
Si Units
Micro-
10^ -6
Nano-
10^ -9
Milli-
10^ -3
Pico-
10^ -12
Enzymes
Biological catalysts
Speed up reactions e.g.DNA replication, Digestion and Protein synthesis
Each enzyme only speeds up one specific reaction
Part of enzyme that matches with the substrate is called the active site
Cells adaptations
Egg cell
Nutrients in cytoplasm
Haploid Nucleus
Mitochondria and changes in the cell membrane after fertilisation
Sperm cell
Tail for movement of sperm cell
Mitochondria provide energy
Haploid Nucleus
Acrosome breaks down membrane of the ovum
Ciliated epithelial cells
Short tail like structure
Contract
Wavy movement
Sub cellular structures
Animal cell
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Bacteria cell
Plasmid DNA
Chromosomal DNA
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
Flagella
Plant cell
Cell wall
Chloroplast
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Vacuole
Ribosomes
Types of Enzymes
Amylase
Breaks carbohydrates into sugars(glucose)
Lipase
Breaks fats into Fatty acids & Glycerol
Protease
Breaks proteins into Amino Acids
Movements of substances in cells
Osmosis
Net movement of molecules in a solvent through a semi-permeable membrane, goes from higher to lower concentration(no energy need)
Diffusion
Net movement from a area of higher concentration to lower concentration(no energy needed)
Active transport
Requires energy, goes against concentration gradient.