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ENV 332
6-12 (Module 6- Salinisation, Acidification and Pollution…
ENV 332
6-12
Module 6- Salinisation, Acidification and Pollution
Salinisation
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Results in the land being too salty for some species to survive- plant and invertebrate deaths, unviable for agriculture
Management
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Learn to live with more salt (not dryland): saline aquaculture, salt-tolerant agriculture
Acidification
Caused by
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Acid-sulfate soils: occur naturally, high concentrations of iron sulphides
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Management:
- Avoid disturbing
- Recognition (maps)
- Shallow drainage not deep
- Liming (neutralise)
- Water cover/ add carbon (keep waterlogged and add trees)
Pollution
Chemical
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organic solvents (disrupts hormones, induces cancer and mutations)
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Physical
Thermal (extremes of hot or cold from dams, coolant from industry):
- alters ecosystem (fish plant death), alters metabolism, alters DO.
Sedimentation
causes: reduced light, clogged gills, nutrient transport, smothering, physical abrasion
caused by: stock trampling, erosion, urbanisation, river regulation
Eutrophication
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Low or no flow in summer means little movement, so buildup of nutrients
Restoration
How fix?
- Goals
- Identify degrading processes
- Reverse degradation
- Restoration and management strategies
- Monitoring
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