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English B1 (08.11.2017 (Vocabulary Topics (Topic 1, Topic2, Topic 3),…

English B1

08.11.2017

Grammar Input

Past

Past Simple

is used for finished actions in the past

is often used with time expressions, e.g. ‘yesterday’, ‘… ago’, ‘last year’ , etc.

Last year, the company made a profit of £2.5m.

She didn’t accept the job because the salary was too low.

Past Continuous

is used for an action that was in the middle of happening at a certain time in the past

While we were discussing our expansion plans, the chairman suddenly announced his resignation.

Past Perfect

is used for a past action or situation that happened before another past action

John was very nervous because he had never given a presentation.

Past Perfect Continuous

same as above, but used for long and/or dynamic actions.

When I left my last job, I had been working there for four years.

Present Tenses

Present Continuous

is used for things which are happening at this moment

is used for temporary and limited activities

Mr Jackson is talking to a customer on the phone.

The economy is growing at an annual rate of 2.6%.

Present Simple

is used for habits and things which are true for a long time

Our new computer system works very efficiently.

Auditors check the accounts of a company.

Present Perfect Simple

is used for actions or situations which started in the past and have a connection with now or a result now

is often used together with ‘for’, ‘since’, ‘just’, ‘all my life’, ‘yet’.

I have been with this company for six years.

We have opened six new branches since July.

Present Perfect Continuous

the same as above, but used for actions that are long and/or dynamic

I have been writing a report for Janet. (I am still writing it.)