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Chapter 2: Diversity in Organizations (Levels of Diversity (Surface-level…
Chapter 2: Diversity in Organizations
Levels of Diversity
Surface-level diversity
Perceptions through stereotypes and assumptions
Deep-level diversity
Less concerned about demographic diferences as they see themselves sharing more important characteristics, such as personality and values
Biological Characteristics (Part 1)
Age
Does job performance decline with age?
What is the perception of older workers?
Does age have an effect on
Turnover
As people age, there are lower job opportunities. People in existing jobs have higher wages and more benefits so they won't leave
Absenteeism
Lower rates of avoidable absenteeism and higher rates of unavoidable absenteeism due to sickness absences
Satisfaction
Older workers tend to be more satisfied
U-shaped relationship
Professionals: Continual increase in job satisfaction
Non-professionals: Decrease during middle age and rising again in later years
Productivity
Declines with age
Assumption is that speed, skill, agility, strength and coordination decay over time
Research contradict and older workers are more likely to engage in citizenship behavior
Sex
No consistent male-female differences in problem-solving, ability, analytical skills, competitive drive, motivation, sociability, or learning ability
Women are more agreeable and willing to confirm to authority, while men are more aggressive and more likely to have expectations of success.
Perceptions
Sex roles - women are less likable as supervisors
Work schedules - women prefer jobs that encourage work-life balance
Absence - Women have higher rates of absenteeism thatn men
Turnover - Women are more likely to turnover than men
Regardless of sex, parents were rated lower in job commitment, achievement striving and dependability than individuals without chilldren
Refer: OB Poll Sexual Harassment claims by men
Effective diversity management works to eliminate unfair discrimination
Exhibit 2-1 Forms of Discrimination
Biological Characteristics (Part 2)
Race and Ethnicity
Relates to hiring decisions, performance evaluations, pay and workplace discriminations
Individuals tend to slightly favor colleagues of their own race in performance evaluations, promotion decisions, and pay raises
Substantial racial differences exist in attitudes toward affirmative action