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human factors affecting the hydrological cycle in the Amazon (logging…
human factors affecting the hydrological cycle in the Amazon
agriculture
land is used for growing rice, citrus fruits, oil palms, coffee, coca, opium, tea, soybeans, cacao, rubber, and bananas
a single cold spell or drought can devastate a substantial segment of the agricultural economy.
fertilizers used so decreases the water quality
plantations need a huge amount of water to survive, so the demand increases however the supply stays the same/decreases.
The most serious environmental concern (other than deforestation) from the cultivation of coca is the dumping of chemicals (including kerosene, sulfuric acid, acetone, and carbide) used to process coca leaves
reduces water quality
increases water scarcity
decreases water availability
Agricultural use of some rainforest land proves to be a failure because of the nutrient-deficient, acidic soils of these forests.
logging
deforestation
less interception
faster flows of water
more rapid surface runoff
decreased infiltration
reduced ground water storage
decreased water availability
only 12 of 630 sample areas (1,389 of 157,896 hectares) deforested since July 2006
the amazon rainforests will eventually be replaced by Savannah like grasslands
deforestation to make space for soy bean farms
high risks of irreversible changes to biodiversity and ecosystems.
The Amazon ecosystems harbor about 10 to 15% of land biodiversity; its abundant rainfall makes the region an important heat source for the atmosphere, generating an estimated 210,000 meters^3⋅s−1 to 220,000 meters^3⋅s−1 of river discharge, which is about 15% of the freshwater input into the oceans.
The Amazon river basin has a hot and humid tropical climate. Temperature variation over the entire basin is relatively small with annual mean temperature varying between 24°C and 26°C.
