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Qualitative vs. Quantitative (Qualitative Research (Data (Data in the form…
Qualitative vs. Quantitative
Qualitative Research
Purpose
explore the meaning of people's experiences, cultures, a particular issue/case
Research Questions
qualitative research is exploratory
usually start with "What" or "How"
these words imply discovery or exploration
no hypotheses and not predictive
Data
1 kind of data collected in each study
Data in the form of words
:red_flag: Examples of Data
"from the field"...the natural settings where participants are
Instruments
Researcher is the instrument
surveys/questionnaire
Emergent design
Methods change during study
Analysis
creating themes
researchers look through all the data and organize it into themes
takes a lot of time!
research is inductive in nature
data formed w/out use of of theory or established views on stuff
the researcher lets the data speak for itself without bias
Final Report
Narrative
Sometimes First Person
Interpretive
A lot of writing
contains a lot of quotes from participants
Quantitative Research
Purpose
to examine the relationship between variables
variable - a characteristic
1st: Independent Variable
characteristic that's manipulated by the researcher
2nd: Dependent
characteristic impacted by independent variable
3rd: Extraneous
extra characteristics (age, sex, race etc.)
usually demographic info
Research Questions
usually start with "What" or "How"..."Does"
Descriptive Research
Experimental Research
How much? How often? What is the relationship between? What is the difference?
Use hypotheses or predictions
Data
comes in the form of numbers
comes from instruments
Analysis
statistics to crunch the numbers!
Deductive in nature
data formed with the use of theory or established views on stuff
based from already existing theories
Final Report
more rigid
statistical report
Example of Quantitative Research
Combined Examples
EX1: Poster's In Bathroom
puts poster in one bathroom that says "Wash your hands. You got pee/poo on them!"
on the other hand, the other bathroom has no poster
the researcher watches to see if more people wash their hands after peeing or pooping
compares the bathroom with the poster and the bathroom with no poster
turns out more people washed their hands who went the bathroom where the poster was
the IV: poster on the wall, the DV: characteristic of hand-washing, the EV: people in the bathroom
Point of the Study
to see the relationship between the variables
Examples of Research Questions
"Does hand-washing increase when a poster is placed in campus bathrooms?"
Example of Qualitative Research
Example of Research Questions
"What are college student's experience in trying to eat healthy on campus?
"How do college students celebrate the sub-cultural holiday of 420?"
Examples of Data
Interviews, documents, (newspapers, journals, etc), observations, and audio-visual materials (videos, recordings)
Examples of Themes in Analysis
EX1: Learning from the Experience of Students about Eating Healthy on Campus
over 80 pages of interview text to read
researcher was able to group the data into 3 major themes
1: there is a lack of healthy options on campus
2: healthy options were too expensive
3: Unhealthy options were just too tempting