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Executive Function (Executive Functions (involve the following: (goal…
Executive Function
Executive Functions
involve the following:
goal-directed behaviour
reasoning
decision making
planning
problem solving
social control
Proposed key components:
:warning:
updating of information in
working memory
inhibitory control
attentional
set-shifting
often suggested as a key component of
personality
and
intelligence
.
the idea of a
central executive
Prefrontal Cortex
components
include:
lateral prefrontal
frontal pole
ventromedial (orbitofrontal)
medial frontal
associated with a variety of functions related to
self-regulation
impulse inhibition
(WCS task and Stroop task)
planning
for the future and
organising behaviour
for efficiency
in carrying out certain tasks.
(Multple Errands task)
meta-analysis
(Tower of London task)
understanding the
mental state
of
both oneself and in others (faux pas test)
"
mutli-tasking
"
(trail-making test)
an aspect of
memory performance
─ particularly
working memory
(delayed non-matching sample test)
associated with
fluid intelligence
:
the ability to reason and solve problems using new information w/o relying on previously acquired knowledge and skill.
contrasted w/
crystallised intelligence
:
previously acquired knowledge and skills.
judgment
and
mood
(Iowa gambling task)
Dorsolateral
Prefrontal Cortex
closely associated w/the following functional areas of the brain:
motor structures
hippocampal formation
ventromedial prefrontal cortex
functions include integration of
emotion
and
state
in memory.
amygdala complex
visual association areas
functions include
action execution
and
evaluation
#
Frontal Lobe
damage leads to a condition known as
Frontal Lobe Syndrome
Emotional Changes
:
apathy, anergia (lack of energy and motivation), socially inappropriate outburts, risk behaviour.
Behavioural deficits
:
utilisation behaviour, perseveration, and environmental dependency; abnormal repetition of behaviour
Cognitive impairments
:
deficits in temporal ordering, goal-directed behaviour, and abstract reasoning; poor decision making