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11 - Pragmatism, philosophy of Science American way (James (A statement is…
11 - Pragmatism, philosophy of Science American way
Pierce
Principle of pragmatism; beliefs are rules for action, which is why they matter
Similar for relevance of objects; what effects and sensations do they cause and what reaction should we prepare?
Descartes' doubt is only paper doubt, the most important thing is living doubt
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Dewey
Largely agrees with Pierce, but thinks in more Darwinian lines of the doubt-inquiry model
Our thinking is a tool to cope with the world, for handling indeterminable situations
James
A statement is meaningful if two things; 1) it has experiental consequenses, or 2)the belief in experiential consequences
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Rationalists believes there is only one truth, pragmatists believe that there are many underlying truths
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Rorty
Kant can't join empiricism and rational thought, because that would imply that we know what is sensory input and what is added by the pure mind
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Belief fixation (when a firm belief is reached, we can relax again)
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- Rely on authority of people who know better
Convenient to some, unsatisfactory for those realizing other beliefs are possible
seek out for yourself the origins of your ideas, on which truisms, axioms and assumptions are they based?
The most effective for tackling living doubt, as it is strong, and currently offers the best ideas about the world and ourselves
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Science is the best way to learn about the world, or to fixate beliefs