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9 - Research Programmes & Methodoligcal Anarchy: Competition and…
9 - Research Programmes & Methodoligcal Anarchy: Competition and Freedom in Gaining Knowledge
Imre Lakatos
; trying to combine normative approach of falsificationism with the descriptive approach of philosophers like Kuhn
Kuhn vs Popper
Popper; Science is not all about proven knowledge (too naive)
Kuhn; Scientists are not too fond of falsifying their theories (too overly irrational)
3 varieties of falsificationism
1. Dogmatic or naturalistic falsificationism
Problems with this is that we think we can distinguish between theoretical and factual staments, when everything is theory-laden
2. Methodological falsificationism
Bits of corroborated theories now take place of unproblematic background knowledge
3. Sophisticated falsificationism
Falsificationism is only useful if we can offer another, better theory
We will not be left empty handed
Research programmes; if someone comes up with something that's not in line with your theory, you can criticise their method of experiment etc.
Paul Feyerabend
researchers should have complete freeom in their methods, if not, we might miss important facts
We need
pluralistic methodology
Alan Sokal and the Sokal Hoax
Not all facts are constructed by sceintists or allow for a variety of interpretations
He wrote a full fake article to prove this
Argues for scientific realism; to predict something you need a deep theory instead of a surface theory, like empiricists like to use
NEVER STOP DIGGING DEEPER INTO CAUSALITY