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Ch. 31 - Skin & Nails (Misc. Notes) (Types of Skin Lesions (Wheal…
Ch. 31 - Skin & Nails (Misc. Notes)
Skin Colour Variations
3. Loss of Pigmentation:
AKA "Vitiligo"
Causes
Congenital/autoimmune condition causing lack of pigment
Assessment Locations
Patchy areas of skin over face, hands, arms
4. Yellow-orange (Jaundice):
Increased deposit of bilirubin
Causes
Liver disease, destruction of RBCs
Assessment Locations
Sclera, mucous membranes, skin
2. Pallor (Decrease in Colour):
Reduced amount of OxyHb
Causes
Anemia
Assessment Locations
Face, conjunctivae, nail beds, palms of hands
5. Red (Erythema):
Increased visibility of OxyHb caused by dilation/increased blood flow
Causes
Fever, direct trauma, blushing, alcohol intake
Assessment Locations
Face, area of trauma, sacrum, shoulders, other common sites for pressure ulcers
1. Cyanosis (Bluish):
Increased amount of low-O2 Hb, associated w/ hypoxia
Causes
Heart/lung disease, cold environment
Assessment Locations
Nail beds, lips, mouth, skin (severe cases)
6. Tan-brown:
Increased amount of melanin
Causes
Suntan, pregnancy
Assessment Locations
Areas exposed to sun: face, arms, areolae, nipples
Types of Skin Lesions
Wheal
Irregularly shaped, elevated area/localized superficial edema (Ex. hives, mosquito bites)
Vesicle
Circumscribed elevation of skin filled w/ serous fluid (Ex. herpes, chicken pox)
Tumour
Solid mass that extends deep through subq tissue (Ex. epithelioma)
Pustule
Circumscribed elevation of skin similar to vesicle, but filled w/ pus (Ex. acne)
Nodule
Elevated solid mass; deeper & firmer than papule (Ex. warts)
Ulcer
Deep loss of skin surface that extends to dermis & frequently bleeds & scars (Ex. pressure ulcers)
Papule
Palpable, circumscribed solid elevation in skin (Ex. elevated nevus)
Atrophy
Thinning of skin w/ loss of normal skin furrow, w/ skin appearing shiny & translucent (Ex. arterial insufficiency)
Macule
Nonpalpable change in skin colour (Ex. freckles)
Skin Malignancies
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Cancer that develops on the outer layers of sun-exposed skin; may travel to the lymph nodes & throughout the body
Melanoma
Flat lesion that appear on sun-exposed or nonexposed skin; an aggressive form of skin cancer
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Cancer that occurs in the background of skin; commonly found in sun-exposed areas; almost never spreads to other body parts