Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
1 + 2 Rationalism & Empiricism in Antiquity (17th Century Bacon (Novum…
1 + 2 Rationalism & Empiricism in Antiquity
Rationalism
Plato
Metaphysics
'Essence of reality is change'
Heraclites, 'nothing is, everything changes'
‘Socrates examined instances of concepts like beauty, justice, courage, love, truth and knowledge to determine their essences’ What they have in common
How things really are; the world of forms
Epistemology
Plato’s Cave; human perception is about observations of the world as it appears to them, they mistake appearance for reality
Empiricism
Sense experinence
Knowledge obtained through observation
Tabula Rasa; everything is learnt, we know nothing at birth
Problem of induction; generalising
Aristotle and
Nous
- what we just know is true
17th Century Bacon
Novum Organum
You can go beyond the world we already know - as seen with discovery of america
Scientific revolution
Science would no longer rely on faith, tradition, the theological canon and church authority, but it would instead be guided by good observation and experiment
Bacon - progress can only come if classical-medieval monopoly on science is broken
Aristotle was almost a rationalist - he only conducted experiences on things he believed to know
Gather as much empirical data as possible and then create theories from there
Bacon's idols
Idol of the tribe
Human nature makes us forget to remember empiricist evidence
Idols of the cave
Distortions coming from past and upbringing
Idols of the marketplace
Distorted beliefs coming from the confusion of language, vague terms and different interpretations
Idols of the theatre
Accepted dogmas and methods of old school and tradition