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War Communism (It was based upon six principles: (Extreme centralisation…
War Communism
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Consequences
Economic Collapse
grain requisitioning led to lower rates of agricultural production. Peasants were not paid for their grain or labour thus no incentive for them to work/produce
Industrial production declined. Few incentives to work. Mass hunger leading to workers leaving cities to go and work on farms for better chance of food.
industrial workforce declined from 3 million workers in 1917 to 1.2 million in 1922. Partly due to the war and workers escaping the cities
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Mass Poverty
1920 - workshops in major cities were closing. Fuel was in short supply so government demanded the deconstruction of wooden buildings in Petrograd to increase wood fuel.
Harvests declined and unemployment rose, leading to famine in rural areas and deaths of 6 million people
Political Crisis
Caused by mass starvation and deepening economic crisis. Between August 1920 and June 1921 peasants rebelled against the government
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Kronstadt sailors turned against government demanding free trade and new multiparty elections to the soviets. March 1921 the sailors mutinied . Communists responded with extreme force defending their government with military action. Effectively Lenin realised the political crisis led to the end of war communism.
It aims were to ensure
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food production to feed soldiers, workers and the civilian population
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what was it
It was the economic system put in place in response to the civil war introduced by Lenin in 1918-1921
Abolition of the market
chaotic conditions after the ciivl war led to a breakdown of the existing market. Measures introduced to try and abolish the market
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Abolition of money. In short term, government printed more money leading to severe hyperinflation. Money was worthless workers were paid through ration, public services (i.e. trams) were provided freely.
Lenin argued abolition of money was a step away from capitalism and to a socialist economy. Bukharin and him agreed that it destroyed the power of capitalist class/a major revolutionary achievement.
workers lost their freedom, working hours were extended, and ration- card workbooks were introduced replacing wages