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Graves' disease- an autoimmune disease that causes overproduction of…
Graves' disease- an autoimmune disease that causes overproduction of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism).
Risk Factors
Family history- if someone in your family has graves disease you could develop it also.
Gender- More common in females than males.
Age- more common with people under the age of 40.
Increase risk with people with other autoimmune disease such as diabetes type 1 or rheumatoid arthritis.
Smoking
Pathophysiology
Fine tremors in your hands or fingers.
Weight loss
Enlargement of thyroid gland.
Change in menstrual cycles.
Erectile dysfunction
Frequent bowel movements
Rapid or irregular heartbeat
Bulging eyes.
Thick, red skin usually on the shins or tops of the feet.
Epidemiology
Most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the U.S.
Occurs in 1 per 500 people.
75% of all cases of hyperthyroidism.
Five times more common in women than men.
Diagnostics
History and physical assessment.
Lab Tests
TSH levels, serum free T4.
Thyroid antibodies
Total serum T3 and T4.
Radioactive iodine uptake.
Ultrasound to see if the thyroid gland is enlarged.
Treatment
Drug Therapy
Corticosteroids prednisone
Adverse Effects: fluid retention, nausea, acne, anxiety, insomnia, mood swings, increased appetite, weight gain, facial flushing, impaired wound healing, masking of infections, adrenal atrophy, hypokalemia, peptic ulcers, heart failure.
Beta Blockers propranolol, atenolol, metoprolol
Adverse effects: fatigue, insomnia, drowsiness, impotence, bradycardia, confusion, palpations, rebound HTN, dysrhythmias
Anti-thyroid drugs Methimazole, propylthiouracil
Adverse Effects: nausea, rash, pruritus, weight gain, headache, fever, numbness in fingers, leukopenia, diarrhea, hypothyroidism, agranulocytosis, bradycardia, hepatotoxicity.
Radiation Therapy
Radioactive Iodine
Surgical Therapy
Thyroidectomy
Nutritional Therapy
High-calorie, high-protein diet
Frequent meals
