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Diseases of the larynx (Laryngeal tumors (Papilloma (Juvenile type …

- - - - Ethiology: viruses
        Mucous membrane: hyperemic and swollen
        changed voice, cough, fever
        usually without dyspnoe
      - (laryngitis acuta)
        bacterial complication of viral infection of larngeal mucous membrane
        Hoarseness, laryngeal pain, cough, expectorating purulent discharge
        By laryngoscopy: redd mucous membrane, thick mucus covered by discharge, subglottic swelling
        antibiotics, mucolytics, inhalations
    - - oedema of subepithelial connective tissue of subglottic
        children 6-month – 6-year old, season (autumn/winter)
        ethiology: virus (Parainfluenza type 1, 2 i 3, Influenza A i B), allergy, GERD
        symptoms: (at night) – dry cough, dyspnoea with stridor, voice is clear
        general condition: pretty good
      - TREATMENT:
        Steroids in inhalation
        Cold air, Humidification of air
        Hydratation
        In serious cases steroids i.m or i.v.
        Optionally: mucolytics, expectorants, antiallergic drugs,antibiotics,
    - - inflammatory inflitration of mucosa of epiglottis and/or aryepiglottic folds
        small children (2 – 8 y.o), but also adults
        
        etiology: bacterial , mainly Haemophilus influenzae Type B H. parainfluenza, Strep. pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staph. aureus
        
        symptoms: 4 x D” = Drooling, Dysphagia, Dyspnoea, Dysphonia
        bad condition: patient is anxious, has fever, may quickly develop sepsis and  r-c insufficiency
        
        treatment: i.v. antibiotics max. doses, steroids, painkillers, mucolytics, oxygen, intubation (1 – 2 days) [elective], incision when abscess present
  - - - Laryngeal abscess:
        older children and adults
        bacterial (streptococcal)
        infiltration, purulent content below the mucosa, mainly glossal surface of epiglottis, aryepiglottic fold
        symptoms: fever, painful swallowing, dyspnea, otalgy, swelling and  red epiglottis /aryepiglottic fold
        treatment: abscess drainage, antibiotics i.v.
        complications: laryngeal or neck phlegmon, mediastinitis, pneumonia, sepsis
    - - laryngeal phlegmon:
        adults, frequently older
        etiology: bacterial (streptococcal)
        diffuse purulent infiltration below the mucous membrane surface  of the larynx
        symptoms: bad condition, fever, chills, painful neck, unclear outlines of the larynx, severe dyspnea, painful swallowing, drooling, otalgy, hoarseness, aphonia; Inflammatory swelling of the mucosa, thick and immobilized epiglottis
        treatment: tracheotomy, antibiotics, multiple incisions of the mucosa
        complications: neck phlegmon, mediastinitis, pneumonia, sepsis,