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Antibodies & B Cells (Structure of Antibodies (Hinge region (Allows…

- - - - 3 Hyper-variable regions; Complementary Determining Regions (CDR's)= unique binding site of antibodies
  - - - neutralise toxins
      - cause some antigens to agglutinate (clump)
      - soluble antigens to precipitate
      - compliment activation
      - promote phagocytosis
    - - Fragment Crystallisable (Fc)
        
        Confers Immune Effector Functions
  - - - forms precipitation and agglutination reactions
- - - - Most Abundant
      - Long hard life (3 weeks)
      - 4 variates (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 & IgG4)
      - Opsonising pathogens 4 phagocytosis
      - Neutralising toxins and viruses
      - Binding complement proteins 4 agglutination
      - CAN TRANSFER INTO PLACENTA = Passive immunity for child
    - - Secreted at mucosal sites
      - Neutralising toxins and viruses by binding to them
      - Soluble Dimer (sIgA)
      - Clumps pathogens
      - Passes to baby through breast milk
      - Half life= 5 days
    - - Causes lots of antibody/antigen interactions
      - Good for; agglutinating/precipitating
      - Activating complement pathway
      - Short half life approx. 1 day
      - FIRST in infection
    - - Defence against parasitic worms
      - Allergic responses
      - Lowest concentration (in plasma)
      - Binds to Fc receptors in tissue mast cells and arms them for degranulation
      - If bound to antigen= RAPID degranulation- high levels of histamine released (vasodilation)
      - Excess= rapid fatal reaction (anaphylaxis)
      - Half life= 2 days
    - - Not secreted
      - Membrane bounds monomer
      - On mature B cells