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Middle Eastern Literature Notes Period 4 (Persian Prose (Created by Sufis,…
Middle Eastern Literature Notes Period 4
Religious Beliefs in the Persian Empire
Zoroastrianism: Believed in two gods - The good god Ahura Mazda, "the wise lord" and his opposite or enemy, Ahriman "the god of evil"
The Persian empire spread the practice of Zoroastrianism which would influence the development of later religions throughout the middle east
People who followed this religion would live in paradise after death
The Birth of Islam
According to tradition, the Islamic prophet Muhammad was born in Mecca around the year 570. His family belonged to the Quraysh.
Not a religion but a way of life
5 pillars of islam
Holy book is the Qur’an
Muhammad began preaching Islam around 610 AD. This puts Islam at around 1400 years old, making it one of the world's younger religions.
Terrorism/unjustified violence and the killing of non-combatant civilians is absolutely forbidden in Islam.
The Rise of the Islamic Empire
Mohammad's followers defeated Meccan forces which led to Arab armies fighting with the Persian Empire 30 years after Mohammad died.
Influences of Islam and Allah eventually spread to parts of Africa and the far east.
The Abbasid Caliphate
The Abbasid Caliphate sparked a cultural explosion that swept across the empire.
After Mohammed's death, Islamic political and spiritual leadership was placed in the hands of a caliph(successor).
Arabic Literature
enwhay iway asway away adlay iway ateway ourfay ozenday eggsway everyway orningmay otay elphay emay etgay argelay (Pig Latin)
Souk Ozak: market where poets would competitively recite poetry
LoTs Of StUfF BaSeD On tHe kOrAn
Poetry valued/poets get lots of respect/still are to this day (get it it's a haikou im so funny)
poems give rise to sociology psychology etc etc
Sha'er translates to poet. Means "he who knows" in literal sense.
But also used for entertainment
The Thousand and One Nights - Famous piece composed in Baghdad; From ninth through sixteenth centuries
al-Khansa - was famous poet in 7th century wrote of deceased brothers
Ibn Battua-
author whose writings founded sociology, based on his travels
dont touch this branch thanks :)
The Souk Ozak market place was a place where poets gathered to sing in bardic contests.
al-Khansa wrote inverse about sadness and death
while christians traditionally use bells to call the faithful to worship, the muslims use the human voice.
The language of the Koran became the model of classic arabic, which still unites muslims despite of numerous language and dialects.
The study of the Koran led to the composition of The Hadith, otherwise known as "Traditions to the Prophet."
Persian Poetry
Samanid Dynasty held considerable power from 875 to 999
Poets: Omar Khayyám; Hafiz; Rumi; Dakiki; Shahname
Persian Prose
Created by Sufis
Came to the Western world because of Persian translations
Can be a saying, anecdote, or didactic stories
The Gulistan (created in the thirteenth century) is considered a masterpiece in Persian prose
Usually philosophy or history based, but animal fables were popular, too
Literary Events
Official text of the Koran is established in 651-652
Rudagi and Dakiki are the first great Persian poets in 940 and 975.
Works of Baha ud-Din Zuhair represent height of classical elegance in Arabic poetry in 1258
