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acid-base balance (acid dissociation constant (Ka) (Ka = [H+][A-]/[HA],…
acid-base balance
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alkalosis
a decrease in arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure causes bicarbonate/CO2 ratio to exceed 20 and the pH to rise above 7.45
metabolic alkalosis results from reduced amount of body fluid (vomiting or excess urination), excess bicarbonate ingestion
causes over excitability of the nervous system, first PNS, then CNS
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acidosis
causes depression of CNS with subsequent disorientation, and in extreme cases coma leading to death
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metabolic acidosis results from an increase in loss of bicarbonate (diarrhea) or overproduction of acids (ketosis, anerobic metabolism)
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a buffer: a mixture of weak acid and its conjugate base that stabilizes a set pH when either acid or base is added
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