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PATHOLOGY OF THE FORESTOMACHS (Glandular Stomach/ Abomasum (Neoplasia…
PATHOLOGY OF THE FORESTOMACHS
Rumen
Functional Disorders
Ruminal acidosis
Excess CHO
Increased G+ve cocci
lactobacilli
Increased VFA and lactic acid production
decreased pH
Ruminitis
#
thromboemboli to liver
hepatic abscessation
microvesicles containing neutrophils
epithelium of ruminal papillae
focal erosions/ ulcerations
fungi
Absidia
Mucor
Rhizopus
bacteria
Fusobacterium necrophorum
necrotising inflammation
diphtheritic membrane
Ruminal tympany
Bloat
Failure to eructate
Primary
Frothy bloat
stable foam
ingestion of high protein lucerne/alfalfa/clover
ingestion of high concentrate/ low roughage
Secondary
mechanical/functional obstruction of oesophagus
Signs
Distended rumen
Dark hypoxic blood that clots poorly
Bloat line
congestion, oedema and s/c haemorrhage in head and neck
Inflammation
Traumatic reticulitis
ingestion of sharp objects
contractions force foreign body through wall of reticulum
mild suppurative or granulomatous inflammation
+/- peritonitis
local fibrous adhesions
fibrinolurulent pleurisy, pneumonia, pericarditis
Fusobacterium necrophorum often involved
vagus indigestion and ruminal stasis
Ruminits
opportunist pathogens
bacteria
Fusobacterium necrophorum
fungi
Mucor
Absidia
Rhizopus
thromboembolic spread
coagulative necrosis and hepatic abscessation
Neoplasia
Papillomatosis
Bovine papilloma virus type 4
SCC
Glandular Stomach/ Abomasum
Physical Disturbances
Obstruction
Foreign body/ functional obstruction
trichobezoars
bones, stones
phytobezoars
plant material
Neurological
dysautonomias
cat, horse
Cirrhosis
horse
Vagal indigestion
Pyloric stenosis
congenital
hypertrophy of pyloric muscle
delayed emptying
persistent vomiting/ regurgitation
dog and cat
acquired
healed ulcer
foal
Displacement
Herniation
through diaphragm
congenital
Acquired
Abomasal displacement
Left
most common
Right
more severe
Gastric dilataion and volvulus
large, deep-chested dogs
Great Dane
Aerophagia
exercise post-feeding
distended stomach with gas
pressure on thoracic viscera and blood vessels
stomach and spleen rotate along long axis (volvulus)
1 more item...
Inflammation :question:
Haemorrhagic gastritis/ abomasitis
Clostridial diseases
acute necrotising abmasitis
necrosis
fibrin
oedema
haemorrhage
empysema
Hypertrophic gastritis/ abomasitis
Chronic hypertrophic gastritis in dogs
retention of gastric fluid and bile
thickening of rugae
epithelial hyperplasia
Ostertagiasis
cobblestone appearance
encysted larvae
glandular hyperplasia
loss of parietal/chief cells
chronic inflammation
lymphocytes
plasma cells
eosinophils
Atrophic gastritis
Chronic atrophic gastritis in dogs
idiopathic
mucosal thinning
loss of gastric glands
Ulceration
Pathogenesis
hypersecretion of HCl
mast cell tumour
impaired mucosal barrier
glucocorticoids (stress)
NSAIDs
pepsin and acid cause necrosis
erosion
ulceration
erosion of underlying blood vessels
haemorrhage
infectious agents
Trauma
Causes
Dog
NSAIDs
mast cell tumour
azotemia
Zollinger-ELlison syndrome
pancreatic gastrin secreting tumour
cirrhosis
bile reflux
Pigs
weaned growers and feeders
stratified squamous epithelium
finely ground feed
Horses
stratified squamous epithelium
margo plicatus
Cattle
management related
infectious agents
mucosal disease
ulcer in oral cavity
Neoplasia
Adenocarcinoma
spreads via lymphatic vessels
SCC
most common gastric neoplasm in horses
Leimyoma/ Leiomyosarcoma
GI stromal tumours
Interstitial cells of Cajal
Lymphoma
Post Mortem
Rupture
#
Putrefactive gases
Gaseous distention
#
Sloughing of mucosa