Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
PATHOLOGY OF ALIMENTARY TRACT (Defence mechanisms (Secretions (Saliva…
PATHOLOGY OF ALIMENTARY TRACT
Normal Anatomy and Physiology
Simple columnar glandular epithelium
glandular part of stomach to large intestine
Stomach
simple tubular glands
parietal cells
HCl
chief cells
pepsinogen
large intestine mucosa
lacks villi
Stratified squamous epithelium
mouth
oesophagus
non-glandular part of stomach
forestomachs
anus
Defence mechanisms
Secretions
Saliva
flushing
antibacterial components
lysozyme
IgA
Mucus
Acid
Digestive enzymes
Bile
Epithelium
Mucosal barrier
tight junctions
Stratified squamous epithelium
multilayered
sloughing off
kertainised
Commensal flora
Barrier
secrete VFA
compete for nutrients and niche
Essential for digestion
herbivores
Movement
Peristalsis
flushing
Cell-mediated and humoral defences
Lamina propria
macrophages
Plasma cells
T lymphocytes
B lymphocytes
mast cells
Epithelium
Intraepithelial lymphocytes
T-lymphocytes
Antibody
IgA
Lymph nodes
Lymphoid aggregates
Peyer's patches
Gut-associated lymhoid tissue
Oral cavity
Congenital anomalies
Brachygnathia superior/inferior
short
Prognathia
long
Cleft palate
palatoschisis
inadequate growth of palate shelves
midline defect of hard/soft palate
aspiration pneumonia
suckling problems
Chelioschisis
absence of part of lip
rostral to nasal septum
Inflammatory lesions
Terminology
Stomatitis
oral cavity
Glossitis
tongue
Gingivitis
gingiva
Types
Granulomatous
Chronic
bacterial/fungi
Actinobacillosis
wooden tongue
Actinobacillus lignieresii
1 more item...
Actinomycosis
lumpy jaw
Actinomyces bovis
1 more item...
Eosinophilic
Oral eosinophilic granuloma
cats
Necrotising
calf diphtheria
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Catarrhal exudate
Mucus, epithelial cells and neutrophils
Suppurative
Necrotic
#
#
Diphtheritic membrane
fibrin and necrotic material
secondary bacterial invasion
Foot and Mouth Disease
Vesicles
Systemic viral infections
stratified squamous epithelium
foot and mouth disease
feline calicivirus
autoimmune disease
mucocutaneous junction
thermal injury
skin
mouth
stratum spinosum layer
hydropic degeneration
vesicle formation
vesicle coalesce
bullae
rupture
2 more items...
Ulcers
#
Cause
progression of erosion
bacteria
immune-mediated
autoantibody against epithelial cell surface antigens
pemphigus vulgaris
bullous pemphigoid
Trauma
virus
Feline
calicivirus
rhinotracheitis virus
Bovine diarrhoea virus
mucosal disease
ulceration of oral cavity, muzzle and distal alimentary tract
Proliferative papular lesions
contagious pustular dermatitis
orf
firm, raised papules and pustules
hydropic degenration
mixed inflammatory infiltration
secondary bacterial invasion
Erosion vs. Ulcer
Stratified squamous epithelium
Erosion
loss of partial thickness
Ulcer
Full thickness epithelial defect
down to or deeper than basement membrane
Simple glandular epithelium
Erosion
loss of epithelium and partial thickness loss of lamina propria
Ulcer
full thickness mucosal defect
loss of epithelium and entire lamina propria
may extend into submucosa
Neoplasia
Epithelial tumours
Papilloma
Raised, cauliflower lesions
thick squamous epithelium over a branching pedunculated fibrous stroma
Benign
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Malignant
most common oral malignancy in cats
ventrolateral tongue
elevated, firm, white plaques
may ulcerate
irregular masses and cords of squamous epithelium invading lamina propria
circular keratin pearls
Melanoma
most common oral neoplasm in dogs
90% malignant
rapid growth
amelanotic melanoma
oval or spindle shaped cells with varying melanin content
Epulis
benign
peridontal origin
affect gingivae
particularly in brachycephalic breeds
boxer
firm lesions on gums around teeth
especially canine teeth
dense collagenous and sometimes ossified tissue covered with stratified squamous epithelium
invades stroma in cords
ossifying fibromatous epulis
Defence mechanism
taste buds
commensal flora
saliva
Oesophagus
Congenital Anomalies
Achalasia
failure of cardiac sphincter to open
Segmental aplasia
failure of fusion
band of fibrous tissue where distal oesophagus should be
Neuromuscular disorders
Megaoesophagus
dilated oesophagus lacks peristalsis
accumulation of ingesta
lower oesophageal sphincter usually normal
aspiration pneumonia
vascular ring
Persistent Right Aortic Arch
Idiopathic
developmental
vagal n./ motor nucleus disorder
German Shepherd
Great Dane
Siamese cat
Acquired
Neurological
dysautonomias
Equine Grass Sickness
myasthenia gravis
Muscular
myodegeneration
nutritional myopathy in cattle
VitE/ Se deficiency
CARDIOPATH
White Muscle Disease
1 more item...
cardiomyocyte necrosis and dystrophic calcification
Obstruction
Intraluminal
foreign body
narrow sites
thoracic inlet
base of heart
cardiac sphincter
may cause inflammation, pressure necrosis, ulceration and perforation
bloat in cattle
healing can cause narrowing/ stricture
Intramural
inflammatory lesion
abscess, granulation tissue
Fibrosis
Neoplasia
Extrinsic
vascular ring anomaly
pressure from abscess, haematoma and neoplasia
Inflammation
Reflux oesophagitis
gastro-oesophageal reflux
gastric acid
erosion of epithelium
ulcer
Infectious agents
Actinobacillosis
Feline calicivirus
Neoplasia
papillomatosis
Squamous cell carcinoma
Leimyoma