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WWI & Mid Twentieth Century (New Objectivity 'Neue…
WWI & Mid Twentieth Century
Dadaism
Anti-Art
Reaction to the horror of the wars
Look at the world the way children do
Tabula rasa
Human civilisation was questioned
Literature
No feelings/Thoughts in poems
Dada Manifesto, 1918
"Everything is absurd but we are interested anyway"
All hate women
Marcel Duchamp
Imagination
Irrationality
Readymades: Ideals of mechanical objects as art
Fountain, original from 1917
Status art is questioned
Artist says when an object is art
Artist put object in gallery is art
Duchamp questioned everything (everything can be art)
Audiences is confused
Position of artist shifts
WWI
1914-1918
First proper international war
Soldiers from colonies joined
8.5 million people died
Lead to the experimentation of plastic surgery
The Interbellum: Between wars helped people deal with what had happened
Surrealism
Related to Dadaism
Constructive concept/approach
Reflect the lifestyle
Artists would do drugs in order to get to their unconscious
Break free from society
Literature
Andre Breton
• Le premier manifeste du surréalisme (1924) : Freud: dreams, unconcious
Painting
Intuition, fantasy and dreams
Two types:
Automatic Surrealism
Automatic painting
Joan Miro
Oneiric Surrealism
Dream like paintings
Salvador Dali
New Objectivity 'Neue Sachlichkeit'
Germany
Tension
Social unrest
Progressive left-wing artist in right-wing Germany
Universal Satire
Awake audiences
Goal begging to caption diversity of the german culture
To understand class, identity, occupation….
The Cursed Painter “Peintres Maudits”
French return to order
Figurative style
Classical tradition
Art should say something but not be political
Unhappy/Un-romantic
New Utopia
Characteristics:
Simplicity
Clarity
Harmony through abstract forms
Precision, abstraction, purity = through innovative translation
Peace
Create total environments through geometric abstraction
Anti Dadaism and Surrealism
1918, First Manifesto
Bauhuis And International Style
New materials for construction :
Build faster
Aesthetic/visual benefits
Build higher and larger
Steel and concrete
Walter Gropius = Co-founder of Bauhuis
Education for visual artist, craftsmen, and architects
No symmetry /no warmth /no decorations
Better architecture leads to better society
Location development many ideas of The International Style
Avant-garde lost touch with reality
Le Corbusier
-standardized architecture
-develop cities = better architecture is better society
Architecture connects people
If houses look alike they are not jealous
5 main points
Stilts
The roof garden
The free plan
The free facade
The window in length