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B9: RESPIRATION (Anaerobic Respiration (If muscles work hard for a long…
B9: RESPIRATION
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The Response To Exercise
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These responses act to increase the rate of supply of glucose and oxygen to the muscles and the rate of removal of carbon dioxide from muscles
Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobic respiration is respiration without oxygen. When this takes place in animal cells, glucose is incompletely broken down to form lactic acid
If muscles work hard for a long time, become fatigued and don't contract efficiently. If they don't get enough oxygen, they will respire anaerobically
After exercise, oxygen is till needed to break down lactic acid that has built up. The amount of oxygen needed is known as the oxygen debt. The equation of oxygen debt repayment is lactic acid + oxygen ---> carbon dioxide + water
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Anaerobic respiration in plant cells and some microorganisms (like yeast), results in the production of ethanol and carbon dioxide
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Metabolism and The Liver
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The energy transferred by respiration in cells is used by the organism for the continual processes of metabolism that synthesise new molecules
Metabolism includes the conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose. It also includes the formation of lipid molecules, and the use of glucose and nitrate ion to form amino acids, which are used to synthesize proteins and breakdown excess proteins to form urea
Blood flowing through the muscles transports lactic acid to the liver where it is converted back to glucose