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The Terror and the Purges (Post Kirov Purges 1934-36 (Started in Leningrad…
The Terror and the Purges
Purges
Were his principal weapon for achieving authority
Became the mechanism for removing the threats to his authority
This made hard to mount an effective opposition
They began in 1932
Obliged members to hand in their party card (granted privileges to the holder, was a prize)
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The NKVD: Stalin’s secret police
Controlled
The civilian police
Labour camp (prisons which inmates are required to do heavy work)
Border and security guards
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Post Kirov Purges 1934-36
Started in Leningrad 1 December 1934
Kirov the secretary of the Leningrad Soviet, was shot and killed in his office
Known to be unhappy with the speed of Stalin’s industrialization
He was a danger to Stalin, organizing opposition
Many people say that Stalin was implicated
Allowed Stalin to sign the Decree Against Terrorist Acts, giving the police limitless power
Stalin could control everything
The post Kirov purge arrested and executed many people including Zinoviev and Kamenev
Of the 1996 delegates who attended, 1108 were executed
Stalin’s enrollment 1931-34
New members eagerly supported the elimination of the anti-Stalinist elements in the Party
It improved their chances of promotion
It was a party that made easier the purges
The Great Terror 1936-39
The purges did not stop once Stalin completed total mastery of the party
Purges increased in intensity
Greater vigilance
The scale made merited the title
The heroes of 1917 were imprisoned or executed
Breaks into three sections
The purge of the party
physical and mental torture, incleding threats to their families. Members started to believe that they really were guilty as they saw the others killing themselves
The purge of the armed services
Killing of the army, which had been Trotsky’s creation
The purge of the people
The Gulags, an extensive system of penal colonies spread across the USSR
Mass repression (Yezhovshchina)
One person in every eight of the population was arrested during Stalin’s purges
Imposed in 1937-38
Almost every family in the USSR suffered the loss of at least one of its members as a victim of the terror
Greatest impact was on the middle and lower ranks of the Soviet society
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Later purges 1941-53
Purges didn’t end with the German invasion in 1941 or by 1945
By 1949 he initiated another party purge ‘the Leningrad affair’
Used Leningrad as opposition
The doctor’s plot
Soviet Jews were the next section of the population to be selected for organized persecution
Anti-Semitism
The Jewish-dominated medical centre had planned to murder Stalin and other Soviet leaders
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Lack of resistance to purges
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