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Posture (Muscle fibers (Slow twitch (Type1), Smallest (Able to sustain…

- - - - Mainly postural muscles
      - recruitment of small to large motor units Henneman's size principle
        
        Slow twitch muscles continue to contract as fast twitch are recruited
  - - - Oxidative
      - intermediate fibers
      - fatigue resistant compared to type 2X
    - - Glycotic
      - White
      - Poorer blood supply
      - Anaerobic catabolism
      - Extensive sarcoplasmic retincula
      - Atpase much faster
      - Contracts rapidly but fatigue fast
- - - - Maintains balance while constant shift in COG
      - Feedforward and feedback system
  - - - Tract
        
        arises from Superior colliculus
        
        CROSSES dorsal tegmental decussation
        
        affected lesion after will cause contralateral deficit
        
        Synapse in the cervical spinal cord - Head
        
        Coordinates head and eye movements
        
        Mediates reflexs postural movements of head in response to visual stimuli
    - - Medial
        
        Tract
        
        originate in the pontine RF
        
        facilitates extensors in upper/ lower body
        
        Decend IPSILATERALLY
        
        Facilitates LMN Medially
        
        Limb extensors
      - Lateral
        
        Tract
        
        ORiginates in the medullary RF
        
        Descend BILATERALLY
        
        facilitates Limb flexors
        
        Has opposite effect to MRST
        
        inhibitory reflexes
        
        inhibits Neck and back muscles
    - - Medial
        
        BILATERAL projection
        
        Cervical and thoracic
        
        Excitatory and inhibitory
        
        Terminate on neck flexor and extensor
        
        branch ot the eye
        
        vestibulo - occular reflex
      - Lateral
        
        Ipsilateral
        
        Excitatory
        
        Facilitates Extensors of limb
        
        indirect inhibition of flexors
      - Vestibular nucleus
        
        Direct proprioceptive inout
        
        Righting reflex
        
        input from the vestibular apparatus
        
        joint, stretch and receptors
        
        Greater in control for balance than
        
        PRF
        
        Supports extensor activity in upper and lower body
        
        Tonnically inhibited by the Motor cortex
        
        Loss of inhibition
        
        Rigid posture in upper and lower body
        
        Output is adjusted during voluntary tasks
    - - Tract
        
        Originates in the Red nucleus
        
        Crosses to the opposite side
        
        LMN unnervate upper limb
        
        Excitatory
        
        Flexor muscles
        
        Red nucleus
        
        Facilitates Flexors
        
        upper body Opposite functions
        
        inhibited by cortex
        
        Loss of Cortical influence
        
        increase in RN output
        
        Exaggeration of flexed posture of upper body
  - - - Loss in voluntary activation of mucle
  - - - Loss of voluntary activation of muscle
- - - - Muscle firing for movement
  - - - Muscle tension for posture
        
        Muscle tone
        
        Continuous state of partial contraction
- - - - Excitatory
        
        primary spindle endings
        
        1a afferent fiber
        
        monitors quick and tonic stretch
        
        Secondary spindle endings
        
        afferents from muscle spindle
        
        tonic stretch of the muscle
        
        Free nerve endings
        
        unmyelinated free nerve endings
        
        activated by noxious stimuli
      - Inhibitory
        
        Golgi Tendon Organ
        
        adjust muscle contraction
        
        Antagonist muscle
  - - - brainstem
        
        Cranial nerves
      - Spinal cord
    - - Medial UMN
        
        Psture and girdle muscles
      - Lateral UMN
        
        Distal muscles
        
        Fine movements
- - - - INDIRECT afferent fibers
      - Loss of UMN
        
        Hypertonia
        
        Increased Tone
        
        increased reflex activity
        
        decreased muscle activity
        
        Parysis
    - - Loss of LMN
        
        Loss of tendon reflex activity
        
        Loss in muscle activity
        
        Loss in muscle tone