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PATHOLOGY OF MAMMARY DISEASE (Normal Physiology (Function (Neonatal…

- - - - Aplasia
      - Hypoplasia
      - Inversion
      - Non-patency
  - - - Percutaneous
      - Invasion of teat canal
      - Haematogenous
    - - Trauma and cell damage
        
        Bacterial invasion of the udder and proliferation
        
        Tissue penetration and and inflammation
        
        Epithelial cell death
        
        Exudation
        
        Desquamation
        
        Clinical mastitis
        
        Changes in milk and/or gland
        
        Sequelae
        
        Involution of gland
        
        FIbrosis
        
        Chronic infection
        
        Abscessation
        
        Sloughing of gangrenous tissue
        
        Death
- - - - Teat injuries
      - Udder chilling
      - High bacteria reservoirs/ high stocking densities
    - - Staph. aureus
      - Mannhemia haemolytics
    - - Acute nectrotising/ gangrenous disease
      - Sudden death due to toxaemia
      - Typically affects one gland
      - Bluish gland
      - Watery milk
      - FIbrosis and/or chronic abscesses
      - Vascular thrombosis
      - Sloughing off of mammary gland
  - - - Intensive breeding units
      - Hygiene/husbandry levels
      - Teat injuries
      - Mastitis-metritis-agalactia syndrom
        
        Agalactia
        
        Swollen, firm mammary glands
        
        Pyrexia
        
        Lethargy
- - - - Streptococcus
      - Staphylococcus aureus
    - - E.coli
      - Dirty bedding
      - Faecal material
  - - - 5 signs of inflammation
        
        Redness
        
        Heat
        
        Swelling
        
        Pain
        
        Decreased milk production
      - Watery thin/ bloody milk with flakes, clots/ purulent material
  - - - subclinical
      - Streptococcus
      - Hyperaemia
        
        Interstitial oedema
        
        Lymphatic dilation
        
        Migration of neutrophils
    - - Bacterial penetration
      - Production of purulent material
      - Staphyloccoci
      - Trueperella
    - - May lead to
        
        Gangrene of gland
        
        Death
      - T. pyogenes
      - S. aureus
    - - E. coli
      - Signs
        
        Fever
        
        Anaemia
        
        Hypocalcaemia
        
        Haemorrhage of mamary gland
        
        Oedema
    - - Staphyloccoci
      - Trueperella
      - Actinobacillus
      - Nocardia asteroides
      - Atypical mycobacteria
  - - - Mixed infection with Trueperella pyogenes
      - Pre-existing injury
      - Galactophoritis
        
        Necrosuppurative inflammation
    - - Signs
        
        Agalactia
        
        Firm, swollen gland
        
        Painless gland
        
        +/- concurrent arthritis
        
        Acute
        
        Neutrophil emigration
        
        Chronic
        
        Alveolar and ductal hyperplasia
    - - Mycoplasma bovis
      - Haematogenous