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Engineering a Protectant for Limestone to Prevent Acid Rain Corrosion…
Engineering a Protectant for Limestone to Prevent Acid Rain Corrosion
Rocks
Limestone
Monuments
Famous Structures
Sculptures
Buildings
Other Rock-Like Building Materials
Concrete
Foundations
Roads
Cement
In concrete
Clay
Southwest Region
Pueblo Blocks
Synthetic Rock
Patios
Landscaping
Side Finishing
Asphalt
Roads
Highways
Tarmac
Racing Tracks
Airplane Runways
Properties
Neutralizes Many Acids
Mass and strength degradation
Turns into Calcium Sulfide
Single Replacement Reaction
Gas Evolution- Carbon Dioxide Released
Expensive
Calcium Carbonate
Known as Calcite
Acids
Common Acids
Carbonic Acid
Phosphoric Acid
Sulfur Based
Sulfuric Acid
Sulfur Trioxide
Sulfur Dioxide
Nitrogen Based
Nitric Acid
Nitrogen Dioxide
Ways to Neutralize Acids
Bases
Chemicals that bond with the Poly-atomic Ion
Calcium
Positive 2 Charge
Acid Rain Pollution
Harmful Effects
Plant Life
Climate Change
Ground Water Acidity
Fish in Rivers
Rock-Based Buildings
Small amounts of Mercury Exposure in Sea-Life
Pollutes Drinking Water
Competitors
Cambridge University in England
Texture-Based Hydrophobic
Expensive
Unique Approach
Used currently on local churches and local buildings
Use of Limestone Aggregate in Concrete
Everbrite Protective Sealant
Paints
New Alloy & Metals
Steel
Galvanization
Nylobind Steel
Permalac Clear-Coat
Permatecta Clear
Shark Hide Metal Protectant
Hydrophobic Materials
Silicone Based
Cyclopentasiloxane
Oil based
Vegetable Oil
Plastics
Polypropylene
Polyurethane
Oil Based
Water Based
Teflon