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The Context of Jesus' Birth (Ancient Judaism (Political and religious…
The Context of Jesus' Birth
The Holy Land
The region where jesus lived, preached and died
Other names
The land of cannan
Israel
Promised Land
Palestine
The Roman Empire
All the land that the Romans ruled during the time of Jesus, includung the Holy Land
Jews and Romans did not get along
Religion
Romans
Worshiped many gods
Did not understand the importance of religion to jews
Did not understand Jewis religius customs
Jews
Not working on the Sabbath caused tension
Worshiped one God
Foregin Role
Jews wanted to rule themselves
Jews felt oppressed by Roman rule
Jews suffered a long histoy under foregin rule
Jews wanted idependent land ruled by thermseves
Jews were waiting for a messiah to lead them to freedom
Taxation
Romans imposed heavy taxes on jewish people this was to funed projects and build wealth/military power
Messianisc Expectation
The Jewish people were awaiting a messiah, who would free them from Roman rule and establish a new Jewish kingdom
They saw the messiah as s great miltary leader, a King like figure, string and powerful
Ancient Judaism
Political and religious structures
The Sadducees
A small powerful wealthy group in Palestine that held the position of high priest in Jerusalem
Collected temple taxes
Were happy to be ruled by the Romans because they brought wealth
The Zealots
A group of religious Jews who hated the Romans and tried to overthrow them by violent means
Believed that violence was acceptable because it was for there religion
Caused a lot of unrest among people
The Pharisees
Holy men who were the religious leaders of the synagogues but not priests
Law was important to them
Keep themselves apart from the ordinary Jews who were not as devoted
Tried to teach how they live
Believed that one day God would send a messiah
The Essenes
A community of monks who lived in remote places
Lived a very simple life
The ancient history of the Jewish people including their polices culture and religion
The Sanhedrin
A small but powerful assembly of men which acted as the court of the religious law for Jewish people
Tax Collectors
Jewish people who collected taxes for the upkeep of the Roman army in Palestine. They were disliked because they worked for the Romans
The temple and synagogue
The temple
The most sacred building for Jewish people, where religious ceremonies took place
Places
Holy of Holies
Heart of the Temple
Hidden behind a veil
Only opened once a year on Day of Atonement
Sanctuary
Priest where allowed to enter
Temple duties were preformed here
Veil of the Temple
This was the veil that covered the Holy of Holies
Court of the Priests
Priest where allowed to enter
Temple duties were preformed here
Court of the Israelites
Where the men sat
Court of the Gentiles
Place where Jews changed there money from Roman into temple money
People would bring pigs cows and birds to be sacrificed
Court of the Women
Where women sat
Lager outer court
The Synagogue
The building where the weekly ceremony called the Sabbath takes place
Scripture was read and the ceremony lasted about a hour
Women sat in the gallery
Men sat downstairs
The rabbi gave talks here