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Five Principles of Conversation (The principle of process: conversation is…
Five Principles of Conversation
The principle of process: conversation is a development process
Opening- usually a greeting.
Phatic communication- it's a message that establishes a connection between two people and opens up the channels for more meaningful interaction
Feedforward-you usually provide some kind of feedforward, which gives the other person a general idea of the conversation's focus
Business-the substance or focus of the conversation
Feedback-the reverse of the second step
Closing-the opposite of the first step, the closing, the good-bye, which often reveals how satisfied the participants were with the conversation
The principle of Cooperation
Quantity principle- requires that you be only as informative as necessary to communicate your intended meaning
Quality Principle- states that you should say what you know or believe to be true and not say what you know to be false
Relation Principle- asks that you talk about what us relevant to the conversation
Manner Principle-requries that you be clear, avoid ambiguities, be relatively brief, and organize your thoughts into a meaningful sequence
The Principle of Dialogue Conversation Is Dialogic
Dialogue-each person is both speaker and listener, sender and receiver
Monologue-is the opposite side; it's communication in which one person speaks and the other listens--there's no real interaction between participants
Demonstrate respect for the other person-allow that person the right to make his or her own choices without coercion, without the threat of punishment, and without fear or social pressure
Avoid negative criticism and negative judgement-abios negative criticism such and negative judgement. Instead, practice using positive judgment
Keep the channels of communication open-display a willingness to listen.give cues that tell the speaker you're listening
Acknowledge the presence and importance of the other person- ask for suggestions, opinions, ad clarification
Avoid manipulating the conversation-don't change the conversation to get someone to say something positive about you or to force the other person to think, believe, or behave in any particular way
The Principle of Turn Taking: Conversation Is a Process of Turn Taking
Turn-yielding cues-you tell the listener that you're finished and wish to exchange the role of speaker for that of listener
Turn maintaining cue-help you maintain the speaker's role
Turn denying cue-you can indicate your reluctance to assume the role of speaker
Turn requesting cue- to let the speaker know that you'd like to take a turn as speaker
Back channeling cues-are used to communicate various types of information back to the speaker without your assuming the role of speaker and are generally supportive and confirming; they show that you're listening and are involved in the interaction
Interruptions-are attempts to take over the role of the speaker
The Principle of Politeness: conversation Is (Usually) Polite
The maxim of tact-in your conversation would mean that you do not impose on others or challenge their right to do as they wish
The maxim of generosity-helps to maintain the other's autonomy
The maxim of approbation-refers to praising some or complimenting a person in some way
The maxim of modesty-minimizes any praise or compliments you might receive
The maxim of agreement-refers to your seeking out areas of agreement and expressing them
the maxim of sympathy-refers to the expression of understanding, sympathy, empathy, supportiveness, and the like stands for feelings